Dunasead Castle (Irish: Dún na Séad, meaning 'fort of the jewels'),[1] sometimes known as Baltimore Castle, is a 17th-century fortified house situated in the town of Baltimore in County Cork, Ireland.[2] The tower house is built on the site of an earlier Norman-era structure, which itself replaced an earlier Bronze Age ringfort.[3] Traditionally associated with the chiefs of clan O'Driscoll, the castle was purchased and restored by members of the McCarthy family in the late 1990s, and partially opened to the public from 2005.[4]
History
editThe present castle is not the first to have been built on the site.[5] In 1215, an Anglo-Norman settler, FitzStephens, built a tower house with a bawn there, which itself replaced a much older fortification, probably a ringfort. In 1305, the castle was attacked and burned down by one of the most powerful Gaelic septs in the region, the MacCarthys. Another Gaelic sept, the O'Driscolls, much smaller but still powerful in the region, subsequently took possession of Dunasead and rebuilt it.[6]
The O'Driscolls were constantly under pressure from encroachments by Anglo-Norman settlers and rival Gaelic clans on their territory and trade interests, which resulted in the castle being attacked and destroyed numerous times in the following centuries.[7][6] One especially long-running feud erupted between the O'Driscolls and the merchants of Waterford City in 1368, following an attack on the Waterford fleet by the O'Driscolls. During this feud, in December 1413, the then mayor of Waterford reputedly captured members of the O'Driscoll family and took them to Waterford.[5][8] This feud continued on and off for almost two centuries, ending in the sacking of Dunasead, Baltimore and other O'Driscoll castles by another Waterford fleet in 1537.[7]
The castle was rebuilt, but, following the O'Driscolls' support for Hugh O'Neill at the Battle of Kinsale, the castle was surrendered to the English army. Some of the O'Driscolls received pardons, and Dunasead was returned to Florence O'Driscoll, who subsequently leased it out, along with most of his lands, due to financial problems. The present castle was probably built in the 1620s and was surrendered to Oliver Cromwell's forces in the 1640s.[6]
The castle later fell into ruins, but was renovated between 1997 and 2005 and is now in use as a private residence.[9][4]
Architecture
edit
Dunasead is built on a ridge of sandstone in the heart of Baltimore, overlooking the harbour. It consists of a two-storey rectangular building (with an additional attic space) surrounded by a bawn or curtain wall.[10] The main building is set into the south-west wall of the bawn, and measures approximately 6 by 18 metres (20 by 59 ft). This building's defensive features are meagre compared to those of the earlier tower houses in the region;[citation needed] on the ground floor, the windows are narrow slits, and there is a bartizan on the south-west corner.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ McCarthy, Bernie (2012). Baltimore Castle: an 800-year history. Baltimore Castle Publications. ISBN 9780957256927.
- ^ Cotter, Eamonn. "Extract of report on excavation at Dunnasead Castle, Baltimore (1998)". Excavations.ie. Database of Irish Excavations. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011.
- ^ "Dunasead Castle". castles.nl. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Dun na Sead Castle". DiscoveringIreland.com. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ a b Kieran, Eoghan; O'Donoghue, Julianna (May 2013). Marine Cultural Heritage Assessment and Visual Impact Assessment of Proposed Pier Road Widening at Baltimore, Co Cork (PDF) (Report). Cronin Millar Consulting Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ a b c "History of Dún na Séad Castle". Baltimore Heritage Limited. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ a b Carroll, Michael John (2001). The castles and fortified houses of West Cork. Bantry Studio Publications. pp. 16, 98. ISBN 9780951941584.
In 1305 the MacCarthys, led by Donal Gott MacCarthy, attacked Baltimore and burned Dunasead [..] As late as 1537, the O'Driscoll castle [at Dunasead] was set on fire and the town [of Baltimore] burned
- ^ O'Donovan, John, ed. (1849). "The genealogy of Corca Laidhe". The Celtic Society – via celt.ucc.ie.
- ^ "Baltimore Castle , Baltimore, West Cork, Ireland". Baltimorecastle.ie. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
In 1997 the extensive task of restoration began
- ^ a b Archaeological Inventory of County Cork. Volume 1: West Cork. Government Stationery Office. 1992. ISBN 9780707601755.
CO150-036002- [..] Rectangular house [..] on rocky prominence overlooking Baltimore Harbour [..] House of two storeys with attic. [..] Bartizan with gun loops atop SW corner. Possible remains of bawn wall (CO150-036003-) runs E from NE corner [..] Known as Dunashad Castle, probably built by O'Driscoll clan on site of earlier castle