Drunk walking describes people intoxicated by alcohol walking in public spaces. While there are long-standing social stigmas and laws against drunk driving, only more recently have the personal and social dangers of drunk walking become apparent. One study on pedestrians struck by vehicles found that alcohol users were twice as likely to cross against the signal or outside of a crosswalk than sober pedestrians.[2] Alcohol use was also associated with more severe injuries and longer hospital stays (3.89 days vs. 1.82 days).[2]
Statistics
editUS
editU.S. department of transportation data from 2009 reported that 4,092 pedestrians were killed and 13.6% of them were under the influence of alcohol, drugs or medication.[3] Pedestrian injury accounts for 11% of all road user fatalities. [citation needed] In the United States in 2006 there were 4,784 fatalities and 61,000 injuries from pedestrian injury. [citation needed] In 2007 there were 4,654 fatalities and 70,000 injuries. [citation needed]
Canada
editIn Canada, injury is the prominent source of death for those under 45 years of age and the fourth most collective reason of death for all ages. [citation needed] Traumatic pedestrian injury results in nearly 4,000 hospitalisations in Canada yearly. [citation needed] The outcome of these injuries come from the interaction of environmental factors changing.[4]
Australia
editIn 2011, the Pedestrian Council of Australia launched a campaign called "Never Let a Mate Walk Home Drunk", in an effort to curb the high number of pedestrians killed on Australian roads. 20% of pedestrians killed on Australian roads have a BAC exceeding 0.05%,[5] and 30% of those killed or seriously injured have a BAC over 0.08%.[6]
Between 2003–2006 in Adelaide there were 40 pedestrian fatalities, and of those 12 were found to be drunk. In three or four of these cases it was found that they were either lying or sitting on the ground at night.[7] In Australia, men are the biggest culprits with a study done between 1998–2002 with 38% of fatal incidents to pedestrians happening to males ages 15–54, and out of those 78% were over the legal limit to drive.[8]
Legality
editSpain
editIn 2015 Spanish authorities proposed rules allowing police officers to issue breathalyzer tests to pedestrians involved in accidents.[9] As of 2023, pedestrians who refuse to be tested for alcohol can be fined up to €1,000.[10]
United States
editIowa
editBeing drunk or pretending to be drunk in a public place is a misdemeanor in the state of Iowa.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.1283. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
- ^ a b Dultz, Linda; et al. (November 2011). "Alcohol use by pedestrians who are struck by motor vehicles: how drinking influences behaviors, medical management, and outcomes". Journal of Trauma. 71 (5): 1252–1257. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3182327c94. PMID 22071927. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ "safety traffic facts 2009" (PDF). www.nhtsa.gov. U.S. department of Transportation. 2009. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
- ^ Schuurman, N; Cinnamon, J; Crooks, VA; Hameed, SM (2009). "Pedestrian injury and the built environment: An environmental scan of hotspots". BMC Public Health. 9: 233. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-233. PMC 2714512. PMID 19602225.
- ^ "Pedestrian Council of Australia". 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
- ^ "The Stats | MAC". www.mac.sa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2015-03-28. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
- ^ "Accidents to intoxicated pedestrians in South Australia" (PDF). Centre of automotive safety research. February 2009. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
- ^ "Male pedestrian fatalities" (PDF). www.infrastructure.gov.au. Australian transport safety bureau. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
- ^ Cohen, Josh (February 9, 2015). "When drunk walking is outlawed, only outlaws will walk drunk". The Works. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ King, Chris (2023-01-29). "Instances where pedestrians in Spain can receive DGT fines of up to €1,000". Euro Weekly News. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ "Consumption or intoxication in public places — notifications — chemical tests — exoneration. - Section 123.46" (PDF). iowa.gov. 2009. Retrieved 2023-07-03.