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Draft:Velký Klínovec

Velký Klínovec
View from the slope of Červená hora [pl] to Velký Klínovec with downhill skiing trails
Highest point
Elevation1,167 m (3,829 ft)
Prominence47 m (154 ft)
Coordinates50°07′08.9″N 17°09′45.6″E / 50.119139°N 17.162667°E / 50.119139; 17.162667
Geography
Parent rangeHrubý Jeseník

Velký Klínovec (historical name in German: Käulig Wiese,[1] in Czech: Klínovec)[2] is a mountain with a height of 1,167 meters above sea level in the Hrubý Jeseník range, located in northeastern Czech Republic, in the Eastern Sudetes, near the historical border between Silesia and Moravia. The summit lies within the municipality of Loučná nad Desnou, approximately 6.3 kilometers northwest of the Praděd mountain, situated along the main ridge between the summit of Výrovka [pl] and Červená hora [pl].[3][4][5]

Characteristics

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Location

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View from road no. 44 from Jeseník to Šumperk on the slope of Červená hora towards Velký Klínovec

Velký Klínovec is located slightly to the northwest of the center of the entire Hrubý Jeseník range.[3] It features a dome-shaped summit and lies within the northern area of the Hrubý Jeseník range in a subregion known as the Praděd Massif [pl] (Czech: Pradědská hornatina). This summit is positioned along the main ridge, which extends from Červenohorské sedlo [pl] to Skřítek [pl] pass, between Výrovka [pl] (separated by Hřebenová pass) and Červená hora [pl] (separated by Červenohorské sedlo [pl]).[3]

The mountain is easily recognizable from the west to the north directions, such as from the viewpoints in the Keprník Massif [pl] (Czech: Keprnická hornatina), where the ski slopes on its side form an O shape.[5] From other directions, it is less distinctive and harder to identify, such as from the road around the summit of Dlouhé stráně,[6] where it appears to have a somewhat flattened ridge and is located between the peaks of Červená hora and Velký Klín [pl]. From the road encircling the summit of Praděd, it is difficult to recognize, as it is visible above Velký Jezerník [pl].[6]

Velký Klínovec is bordered by:[3]

  • to the northwest: Červenohorské sedlo pass and the valley of the Červenohorský potok;
  • to the northeast: a valley of an unnamed stream, a tributary of the Červenohorský potok;
  • to the east: Hřebenová pass;
  • to the south: a valley of an unnamed stream, a tributary of the Divoká Desná river, and the valley of the Divoká Desná river;
  • to the southwest and west: the valley of Divoký potok, flowing through Koutský žleb couloir.

Surrounding peaks include:[3]

  • to the northwest: Skalký u Červenohorského sedla–JZ, Skalký u Červenohorského sedla, Červená hora, and Červená hora–V;
  • to the northeast: Velký Klín–JZ and Kamenný kostel;
  • to the southeast: Výrovka, Nad Petrovkou [pl], and Hřbety [pl];
  • to the south: Hřbety–JZ;
  • to the southwest: Skalý (2)[a] and Suchá hora;
  • to the west: Šindelná hora–JZ.

Slopes

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Within the mountain, four main slopes can be distinguished:[3]

  • northwestern slope, extending from the summit to the Červenohorské sedlo [pl] pass (with most of the skiing trails);
  • northern slope, located between the Červenohorský potok stream and an unnamed stream originating at the Hřebenová pass;
  • eastern slope: short slope from the summit to the Hřebenová pass;
  • southwestern slope, extending from the summit to the village of Kouty nad Desnou [pl], situated between the Koutský žleb couloir and a stream originating at the Hřebenová pass (longest slope, approximately 2.5 km in length).

All types of forestation can be found here: spruce forest, mixed forest,[b] and deciduous forest, with spruce forest predominating.[7][8] The northern and southwestern slopes feature mixed forests alongside the spruce forest, and as altitude decreases on the southwestern slope, deciduous forests also appear.[7][8] Nearly all slopes show significant variability in forest coverage, with clearings, ski trails, associated ski lifts, and large meadows.[8] Along the southwestern slope near the Koutský žleb couloir, runs a 22 kV overhead power line.[3] Approximately 750 meters west of the summit, near the crest of the southwestern slope, there are isolated rocky outcrops and a group of rocks at elevations from 1,050 to 1,080 meters above sea level.[3]

The slopes generally have gentle and varied inclines. The average slope gradient ranges from 5° (eastern slope) to 14° (northwestern slope).[3] The weighted arithmetic mean slope gradient for the entire mountain is around 12°.[3] The maximum average gradient on the southwestern slope near the bend before the Červenohorské sedlo pass on route 44 does not exceed 45° over a 50-meter stretch.[3] The slopes are crisscrossed by a network of roads (e.g., Miliónová cesta) and generally unmarked, sparse paths.[3][8]

The southwestern slope is traversed by the serpentine national road 44 from Šumperk to Jeseník.[3] This road is unique in its course, originally laid out in the 19th century to connect with the developing tourist base at Červenohorské sedlo pass. It was later asphalted in the 20th century and modernized and repaired between 2014 and 2016.[9] To cover a straight-line distance of 2.6 km with an elevation difference of 405 meters (from the bridge in Kouty nad Desnou at 603 m above sea level to the Červenohorské sedlo pass at 1,008 m above sea level), a road 7.7 km long had to be built to moderate the slope gradient. The road includes nine road loops at elevations of 609, 620, 699, 770, 800, 832, 865, 897, and 922 m above sea level.[3] The road is secured with guardrails along the mountain side, offering views towards many nearby peaks such as Dlouhé stráně, Medvědí hora, Suchá hora, and, at higher elevations, the tower on Praděd.[3]

Summit

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View of the rocky summit of Velký Klínovec
 
View from the ski trails' starting area towards Klínová hora [pl], Spálený vrch [pl], Vozka [pl], Červená hora [pl], and Žalostná [pl]

Velký Klínovec is a mountain with a single summit.[3] The summit area is forested with spruce, with clearings covered in alpine grass and dotted with small rocky outcrops.[7][8] The summit area contains a triangulation station marked on geodetic maps as number 7, with an elevation of 1,163.80 m above sea level and coordinates 50°07′07.96″N 17°09′44.81″E / 50.1188778°N 17.1624472°E / 50.1188778; 17.1624472, located about 30 m southwest of the summit.[7] The summit features a rocky outcrop, which is a limited viewpoint offering restricted views, including towards Praděd mountain.[8] This outcrop is surrounded by forest, which over time grows taller and further limits the view.[8] According to the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping, and Cadastre (Czech: Český úřad zeměměřický a katastrální (CÚZK)) in Prague, the highest point of the mountain is the summit, with an elevation of 1,166.9 m above sea level and coordinates 50°07′08.9″N 17°09′45.6″E / 50.119139°N 17.162667°E / 50.119139; 17.162667.[7] Close to the summit's rocky outcrop is the starting area for the ski trails, providing perspectives on the peaks of the Keprník Massif [pl]: Ucháč, Černá stráň, Klínová hora [pl], Spálený vrch [pl], Vozka [pl], Červená hora [pl], and Žalostná [pl], and Točník [pl].[8]

The most convenient access to the summit is from the Červenohorské sedlo pass and road 44 via the red tourist trail.[3] Following this trail towards the Klínovec tourist junction,[10] after about 450 m, upon reaching one of the visible ski trails, one has to turn right and follow an unmarked path along the ski trail for about 520 m to the ski trails' starting area at the summit, then an approximately 80 m orientational path through dense vegetation leads to the summit rocky outcrop.[3][8]

Geology

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Geologically, the Velký Klínovec massif belongs to the unit known as the Vrbno layers [pl][11] and is composed of metamorphic rocks, mainly phyllonites [pl] (biotite, chlorite, and muscovite), phyllites, gneisses (plagioclase), amphibolites, porphyroids, stromatites, schists (graphite), greenschist, quartzite, and sedimentary rocks, mainly limestone and meta-conglomerates.[12]

Waters

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The main ridge of the Praděd mountain, extending from Skřítek [pl] pass to Červenohorské sedlo [pl] pass and further to Ramzovské sedlo [pl] pass, is part of the boundary of the European watershed, dividing the basins of the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.[13]

The mountain lies on this boundary, with the northern slope draining into the Baltic Sea basin (Oder river basin) and the southwestern slope draining into the Black Sea basin (Danube river basin).[3][13] Several short unnamed streams, tributaries of the Divoká Desná river, originate on the southwestern slope.[3] Near road 44, about 1.6 km southwest of the summit (southwestern slope), at an elevation of about 681 m above sea level, there is a built spring called Studánka pod Červenohorským sedlem.[14][15] Additionally, at the foot of the southwestern slope, near the Divoká Desná river, there is an oval pond about 90 m long and a rectangular water reservoir near the buildings of the Kouty nad Desnou settlement, close to the flowing Divoký potok stream.[3] Due to the relatively gentle slopes, there are no waterfalls or cascades on the mountain.[3]

Nature protection

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The entire mountain is located within a designated protected area known as the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area [pl] (Czech: Chráněná krajinná oblast (CHKO) Jeseníky), established to protect rock formations, soil, and plant life, as well as rare animal species.[3] There are no nature reserves or other natural monuments on the slopes.[3] Additionally, no educational trails have been designated on the mountain.[3]

Tourism

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At the foot of the southwestern slope in the settlement of Kouty nad Desnou, there are two guesthouses: Chata Pelikán[16] and Chata u rybníka 113.[3][17] Velký Klínovec is a key mountain of the ski resort at Červenohorské sedlo pass,[18] which includes the Červenohorské Sedlo hotel and a base of guesthouses.[3] The southwestern slope of the mountain borders the settlement of Kouty nad Desnou, part of the municipality of Loučná nad Desnou, which has a base of hotels and guesthouses,[19] located about 2.7 km southwest of the summit.[3] Slightly further, about 4.2 km southeast of the summit, is the oldest mountain hut in the Hrubý Jeseník, Švýcárna [pl].[3] The tourist base in the settlement of Filipovice [pl] with the Stará pošta hotel[20] is about 4.3 km north of the summit.[3] Additionally, on the northwestern slope, about 740 m northwest of the summit, at an elevation of about 975 m above sea level, there is a hut named Pekárka,[21] which is considered a hunting lodge rather than a typical mountain hut.[3]

A key tourist point is the tourist junction ČHS (lávka, bus Jeseník), located about 820 m northwest of the summit at an elevation of 1,010 m, where hiking trails and cross-country skiing routes converge.[3]

Hiking trails

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The Czech Tourist Club (Czech: Klub Českých Turistů) has marked four hiking trails on and around Velký Klínovec:[3]

  Červenohorské sedlo [pl] – Velký Klínovec – Hřebenová pass – Výrovka [pl] – Sedlo pod Malým Jezerníkem pass – Malý Jezerník [pl] – Velký Jezerník [pl] – Sedlo Velký Jezerník pass – Švýcárna mountain hut – Praděd – U Barborky [pl] pass – Petrovy kameny – Ovčárna [pl] – Sedlo u Petrových kamenů [pl] pass – Vysoká hole – Vysoká hole–JZ – Kamzičník [pl] – Velký Máj [pl] – Sedlo nad Malým kotlem [pl] pass – Jelení hřbet [pl] – Jelení studánka – Sedlo pod Jelení studánkou pass – Jelenka [pl] – Ostružná [pl] – Rýmařov[22]

  Červenohorské sedlo – Velký Klínovec – Výrovka Mountain – Malý Jezerník Mountain – Kamzík[23]

  Filipovice – Jeřáb [pl] – Mariin pramen [pl] spring – Velký Klín [pl] – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo – Kouty nad Desnou – Hučivá Desná valley – Sedlo pod Vřesovkou pass – Kamenne okno – Červená hora [pl] – Bílý sloup

  Kouty nad Desnou – Hřbety [pl] – Nad Petrovkou [pl] – Kamzík – Velký Jezerník – Sedlo Velký Jezerník pass – Švýcárna mountain hut – Praděd – U Barborky pass – Petrovy kameny – Ovčárna – Karlova Studánka

Cycling routes

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Three cycling routes are marked around Velký Klínovec:[3]

  Červenohorské sedlo – Velký Klínovec – Výrovka – Kamzík – Velký Jezerník – Sedlo Velký Jezerník pass – Malý Děd [pl] – Švýcárna mountain hut – Praděd – U Barborky pass – Petrovy kameny – Ovčárna – Hvězda [pl] pass[24]

  Videlské sedlo [pl] – Vysoký vodopád nature reserve [pl] – Malý Děd – Velký Jezerník – Malý Jezerník – Výrovka – Velký Klín – Jeřáb – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo[25]

  Přemyslov – Černá stráň – Hučivá Desná valley – Červená hora – Šindelná hora [pl] – Suchá hora – Kouty nad Desnou – Hřbety – Nad Petrovkou – Petrovka[26]

Road climbs

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A popular road climb runs along the southwestern slope on road no. 44 to Červenohorské sedlo, favored by cyclists and motorcyclists:[3]

  Climb from Loučná nad Desnou (length: 11.8 km, elevation gain: 506 m, average gradient: 4.3%, with 9 switchbacks)[27]

Ski trails

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In snowy periods, cross-country ski trails follow the hiking and cycling routes,[28] including the so-called Jesenická magistrála:[29]

  Drátovna – Jeřáb – Mariin pramen spring – Velký Klín – Pod Velkým Klínem – Velký Klín–JZ – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo

  Videlské sedlo – Vysoký vodopád nature reserve – Malý Děd – Velký Jezerník – Velký Klín – Jeřáb – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo

Six downhill ski trails with corresponding lifts are established on Velký Klínovec, with round signs at the summit indicating the color (difficulty) and number of the trail:[18]

  Main downhill ski trails with lifts from Velký Klínovec[28]
Number Trail and name Trail length

(meters)

Elevation gain

(meters)

Lift type Lift length

(meters)

1   1 750 190 T-bar lift 750
2   1a 1,250 290 4-chair lift[30] 1,050
3   2 900 180 T-bar lift 750
4   2a 1,350 290 4-chair lift[30] 1,050
5   3 420 90 T-bar lift 450
6   3a 190 35 T-bar lifts 200 and 60

Notes

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  1. ^ The indexed designation distinguishes it from another peak with the same name, Skály (1), located 4.5 km west of the town of Vrbno pod Pradědem in the same range.
  2. ^ The forest stand of the entire Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area includes: European spruce 84%, European beech 10%, European larch 1.5%, sycamore maple 1.1%, birch 1%, common alder 0.8%, dwarf mountain pine 0.4%, grey alder 0.3%, (European silver fir, European ash, and linden) 0.2%, Scotch pine 0.1%, and others (Pinus mugo, oak, hornbeam, Norway maple, elm, rowan, green alder, aspen, poplar, and goat willow) 0.2%.

References

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  1. ^ "Velký Klínovec (Käulig Wiese) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  2. ^ "Topografické mapy v systému S-1952 1:10 000". Český Úřad Zeměměřický a Katastrální (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "Velký Klínovec (mapa turystyczna) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  4. ^ "Velký Klínovec". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  5. ^ a b Brandos, Otakar (29 April 2014). "Velký Klínovec (1 164 m)". treking.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2021-07-27.
  6. ^ a b "View". www.heywhatsthat.com. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Geoprohlížeč – ZÚ (Geoportal Czech)". Český Úřad Zeměměřický a Katastrální (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Velký Klínovec (mapa lotnicza) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  9. ^ "Z důvodů modernizace silnice I/44 bude uzavřen průjezd Červenohorským sedlem". izdoprava.cz (in Czech). 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-07-10.
  10. ^ "Klínovec". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  11. ^ Cymerman, Z. (1998). "Spory o podział geologiczny Sudetów". Przegląd Geologiczny (in Polish). 46 (6): 531. ISSN 0033-2151. Archived from the original on 2018-12-11.
  12. ^ "Geologická mapa 1:50 000". mapy.geology.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  13. ^ a b "Hrubý Jeseník (mapa) (JPEG)". dudisoft.eu (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
  14. ^ Mlečka, Martin (10 May 2013). "Studánka bez jména (6784)". estudanky.eu (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-07-02.
  15. ^ "Studánka pod Červenohorským sedlem". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  16. ^ "Chata Pelikán". e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  17. ^ "Chata u rybníka 113". www.e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  18. ^ a b "Ski areál Červenohorské sedlo (Vleky a lanovky)". Skiareál Červenohorské sedlo (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  19. ^ "Ubytování Kouty nad Desnou". www.e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  20. ^ "Hotel Stará pošta - Bělá pod Pradědem, Filipovice". jeseniky.net (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-08-13.
  21. ^ Jordanová, Zdeňka. "Lovecké chaty v Jeseníkách. Pekárka". lovecke-chaty-v-jesenikach.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-09-28.
  22. ^ "Góry bliskie sercu. Grzbietem Wysokich Hal". sudeckiedrogi.wordpress.com (in Polish). 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18.
  23. ^ "Góry bliskie sercu. Z Czerwonohorskiego na Pradziad". sudeckiedrogi.wordpress.com (in Polish). 4 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-05-09.
  24. ^ "Trasy rowerowe – Z Hvězdy na Czervenogórskie Sedlo". czeskiegory.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2021-08-21.
  25. ^ "Cyklotrasa 6154 Červenohorské sedlo – Videlské sedlo". ejeseniky.com (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2021-10-23.
  26. ^ "Cyklotrasa 6157 Petrovka – Přemyslov". ejeseniky.com (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2023-03-01.
  27. ^ Książkiewicz, Michał. "Rowerowa baza podjazdów. Červenohorské sedlo (1013 m) od południa (Šumperk)". genetyk.com (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2008-01-16.
  28. ^ a b "Velký Klínovec (mapa tras narciarskich) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  29. ^ "Narciarstwo. Trasy biegowe. Jesenická magistrála". jeseniky.net (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2022-12-10.
  30. ^ a b Polcer, Radim. "Sedačková lanovka Červenohorské sedlo – Velký Klínovec". Lanové dráhy v Česke republice (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2018-08-13.
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