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| Ucháč | |
|---|---|
 View from the slope of the Mravenečník mountain to the Ucháč, Tři kameny and Jelení skalka mountains (below Loučná nad Desnou) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,010 m (3,310 ft) |
| Prominence | 245[1] m (804 ft) |
| Coordinates | 50°05′34.8″N 17°02′54.0″E / 50.093000°N 17.048333°E |
| Geography | |
| Parent range | Hrubý Jeseník |
Ucháč (historical name in German: Ohren Berg)[2] is a mountain with an elevation of 1,010 meters above sea level. It is located in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic, within the Eastern Sudetes on the Moravian side. The summit lies within the municipality of Loučná nad Desnou, near the settlement of Přemyslov, approximately 13.1 km west of the summit of Praděd mountain.[3][4][5]
Ucháč is one of the lower so-called "thousanders" (summits over 1,000 m above sea level) as its height only slightly exceeds this threshold. It is also the westernmost summit (thousander) of this mountain range.[6]
History
editDefunct settlement of Sklená (glassworks)
editAt the foot of the western slope of Ucháč, near the settlement of Pusté Žibřidovice, there once existed another settlement named Sklená (German: Glasdorf).[7] The first mention of this settlement comes from a document by the bishop of Olomouc, Stanislav Thurzo, from 1501, when it had seven settlers of German nationality.[7] After World War II, due to administrative and political changes, the residents were displaced, and the settlement was removed from the cadastral register in the 1960s.[7] In the 1990s, archaeological research was conducted in the area of the defunct settlement Sklená, revealing that a glassworks operated there in the second half of the 16th century.[8] During excavations, probable stone foundations of a glass melting furnace, parts of products, and fragments of glass bowls were discovered.[8]
Characteristics
editLocation
edit
Ucháč is situated in the western region of the entire Hrubý Jeseník range, in the southern area (microregion) called the Keprník Massif (Czech: Keprnická hornatina), near the border with the neighboring range called Hanušovice Highlands.[3] A characteristic feature of the mountain is the presence of two summits on its summit dome, located less than 200 meters apart, both having the same height.[3][6] Due to its height, Ucháč is a mountain that is difficult to recognize compared to the significantly higher mountains of this range. From the nearby national road no. 44 (from Jeseník to Šumperk) and the road from Rejhotice to Nové Losiny, it is practically invisible. From the Přemyslovské sedlo pass, only the slope of the secondary summit Ucháč–SV can be seen. The mountain is recognizable and visible from, among other places, the road encircling the summit area of Praděd[9] (visible above the line of sight to Medvědí hora) and from another characteristic viewpoint – the road encircling the summit of Dlouhé stráně (visible above the line of sight to Kamenec (1)).[a][9]
The mountain is bounded by:[3]
- to the northwest, the valley of the Sklená voda stream, flowing in the valley called Sklenská dolina;
- to the north, a minor pass with an elevation of 897 meters towards Tři kameny mountain;
- to the northeast, the valley of the Přemyslovský potok stream and a pass with an elevation of 915 meters towards the summit of Jelení skalka;
- to the east and southeast, the valley of the Losinka stream;
- to the south, Bukový vrch and the valley of the Medvědí potok stream;
- to the southwest, a pass with an elevation of 744 meters towards the summit of Pekařovský vrch–V;
- to the west, the valley of an unnamed stream, a tributary of Sklená voda.
Surrounding peaks include:[3]
- to the north, Tři kameny;
- to the northeast, Černá stráň–ZSZ, Černá stráň, and Jelení skalka;
- to the east, Jelení skok;
- to the southeast, Loveč–S (a peak in the Hanušovice Highlands range) and Bukový vrch;
- to the south, an unnamed peak with an elevation of 635 meters;
- to the southwest, an unnamed peak with an elevation of 655 meters, Studenec, Pekařovský vrch, and Pekařovský vrch–V;
- to the west, an unnamed peak with an elevation of 673 meters;
- to the northwest, Dlouhá stráň (the last seven peaks are in the Hanušovice Highlands range), Sklenský vrch, Sklenský vrch–V, and Tři kameny–SZ.
Slopes
editOn the mountain, seven main slopes can be distinguished:[3][10]
- northern
- northeastern
- eastern
- southeastern
- southern, called Nad Pekařskou cestou
- southwestern, called Javoří
- western, called Sklená and Na Ucháči
All types of forestation can be found here: spruce forest, mixed forest,[b] and deciduous forest, with mixed forest being predominant.[10][11] Almost all slopes, except the northern one, are covered with dense mixed forest and spruce forest, with areas of deciduous forest appearing as elevation decreases. At the foot of the northeastern, southeastern, southwestern, and western slopes, there are meadows.[10][11] All slopes are characterized by significant variability in forest height, with banded clearings, glades, thinnings, and bare areas.[11] The southeastern, southern, and southwestern slopes feature isolated larger rock outcrops, and on the southeastern slope, there is a rock group called Bukovická skalka.[3] Additionally, small areas of boulder fields can be found on the southeastern and southern slopes.[3] At the foot of the southeastern slope, near the settlement of Bukovice, there is a 22 kV overhead power line.[3]
The slopes have relatively uniform, generally gentle, and slightly varied inclines.[3] The average slope gradient ranges from 8° (northeastern slope) to 15° (southeastern slope).[3] The average gradient of all slopes (weighted arithmetic mean of slope gradients) is approximately 11°.[3] The maximum average slope of the southern slope, near the red tourist trail and the red cycling trail, at an elevation of around 740 m above sea level, does not exceed 30° over a 50 m stretch.[3] The slopes are covered with a network of roads (e.g., Pekařovská cesta) and generally unmarked paths and tracks.[3]
Bukovická skalka
editOn the southeastern slope, about 850 m southeast of the summit, at an elevation of approximately 825 m above sea level, there is a rock group called Bukovická skalka (or Skály nad Bukovicemi),[12] with an elevation of 841 m above sea level,[10] near the red tourist trail.[11] The rocks are composed of gneisses with quartz veins.[12] The highest wall of the rock group is about 15 m high.[12] It is partially forested, predominantly with spruce.[10][11] Close to it, to the east, there is a small area of boulder fields.[3]
Access to the rocks is from the red tourist trail, from which a path leads about 150 m.[11]
Main summit
edit
The summit of Ucháč is a triple summit.[3] No marked tourist trail leads directly to the main summit.[3] The main road connecting all the main and secondary summits passes through the summit area.[11] The summit is located in a partially cleared spruce forest, covered with alpine grass.[10] Due to the forest cover, the summit area is not a viewpoint. On the summit area, there is a triangulation station established in 1937, marked on geodetic maps with the number 16, at an elevation of 1,008.53 meters above sea level and geographic coordinates 50°05′35.11″N 17°02′52.65″E / 50.0930861°N 17.0479583°E,[10] with a nearby mounted steel post painted in alternating horizontal white and red stripes, warning against its destruction, with a plaque reading Státní triangulace Poškození se trestá (English: State triangulation station. Damage is punishable), located about 30 m northwest of the summit.[10] The State Geodetic Office (Czech: Český úřad zeměměřický a katastrální (CÚZK)) in Prague lists the highest point of the mountain – the summit – at an elevation of 1,009.6 m above sea level and geographic coordinates 50°05′34.8″N 17°02′54.0″E / 50.093000°N 17.048333°E.[10]
Access to the summit is from the blue tourist trail, from which an unmarked road encircles the summit dome from the pass between the main summit and the secondary one, Ucháč–SV. One must proceed to the right for about 630 m, reach a slope clearing, turn left, and then continue uphill for about 300 m to reach the summit area.[3][11]
Secondary summits
editBesides the main summit, two secondary summits can be distinguished:[3][10]
.svg){kind=icon} Secondary summits of Ucháč
| |||||
| Number | Summit | Elevation
(meters above sea level) |
Distance from main summit
(kilometres) |
Coordinates | 
|
| 1 | Ucháč–JZ | 1,138 | 0.87 southeast | 50°05′32.8″N 17°02′45.5″E / 50.092444°N 17.045972°E | |
| 2 | Ucháč–SV | 1,056 | 1.74 northwest | 50°05′59.8″N 17°03′17.6″E / 50.099944°N 17.054889°E | |
Geology
editGeologically, the Ucháč massif belongs to a unit known as the Keprník Dome[13] and is composed of metamorphic rocks, mainly gneisses, orthogneisses (biotites), mylonites, blasto-mylonites, and igneous rocks, primarily meta-granites.[14] The shape of the massif and the presence of granite suggest a volcanic origin.[14]
Waters
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The main ridge of Praděd, running from the Skřítek pass to the Červenohorské sedlo pass and further to the Ramzovské sedlo pass, forms part of the European watershed, which separates the Baltic Sea and Black Sea drainage basins.[15]
Ucháč is situated to the southwest of this watershed, and thus belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin. Waters from this part of the Hrubý Jeseník flow into the Danube river basin, which is part of the Black Sea watershed. Nearby streams and mountain brooks, such as Přemyslovský Potok, Losinka, Medvědí Potok, and Sklená Voda, all contribute to this drainage system.[3] The Přemyslovský Potok stream originates on the northeastern slope of the mountain, along with several unnamed short streams that flow into Losinka and Medvědí Potok.[3] Additionally, about 1.4 km southwest of the summit, at an elevation of approximately 750 m above sea level, there is a spring known as Studánka U Chaty,[16] located near the green tourist trail.[3] Due to the relatively gentle slopes of the mountain, there are no waterfalls or cascades in the area.[3]
Nature protection
editThe area where Ucháč is located is the only one in the Hrubý Jeseník that does not fall within the protected area known as the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area (Czech: Chráněná krajinná oblast (CHKO) Jeseníky). The boundary of this protected area runs north of the mountain, near the road from Rejhotice to Nové Losiny.[3] At the foot of the northeastern slope of the mountain, near the road from Rejhotice to Nové Losiny, and outside the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area, the Přemyslovské Sedlo Nature Reserve (Czech: Přírodní Rezervace Přemyslovské Sedlo) has been established.[17][18] There are no designated educational trails or natural monuments in Ucháč area.[3]
Přemyslovské Sedlo Nature Reserve
edit
The Přemyslovské Sedlo Nature Reserve is located at elevations between 730 and 768 m above sea level, at the foot of the northeastern slope of the mountain, around the Přemyslovský Potok.[3] This is a small area covering 5.29 ha, with an additional 1.65 ha of protective buffer zone.[19] It is situated approximately 12.4 km northwest of the Praděd summit and about 1.7 km northeast of the Ucháč summit.[3] Established on 12 February 2001, the reserve aims to protect peat and wet meadows that host protected plant species.[19] Roughly half of the reserve is forested, while the other half comprises protected meadows.[11] The reserve is not open to tourists, as there are no educational trails within its area.[3]
Tourism
editThere are no mountain huts or hotels on Ucháč.[3] The nearest town with hotels and guesthouses is Loučná nad Desnou,[20] located about 3 km to the east of the summit.[3] Another nearby town is Jindřichov, about 4 km to the west,[3] which also has guesthouse accommodations.[21] Slightly further away, approximately 6.3 km south of the summit, is Velké Losiny, which offers a range of hotels and guesthouses.[3][22] That there are no hunting lodges in the area of the mountain.[3]
A key tourist point is the Tři kameny (útulna) crossroads, marked at an elevation of 897 meters. This location features a tourist shelter and serves as a junction for hiking trails, a cycling route, and cross-country skiing tracks.[3][23]
Hiking trails
editThe Czech Tourist Club (Czech: Klub Českých Turistů) has marked three hiking trails in the area of the mountain:[3]
Loučná nad Desnou – Loveč – Jelení skok – Ucháč – Pekařovský vrch – Studenec – Žárovec – Pršná – Hynčice nad Moravou – Hanušovice
Kouty nad Desnou – Černá stráň – Přemyslov – Jelení skok – Jelení skalka – Ucháč – Tři kameny summit – Nové Losiny – Černá stráň – Branná
Tři kameny (útulna) – Ucháč – Pekařovský vrch – Studenec – Chlum – Chmelný vrch – Křížový vrch – Velké Losiny
Cycling routes
editTwo cycling routes pass through the slopes of Ucháč:[3]
Loučná nad Desnou – Seč – Čepel – Mravenečník – Medvědí hora – Kamenec (1)[a] – Dlouhé stráně – Velká Jezerná – Divoká Desná river valley – Kouty nad Desnou – Černá stráň – Přemyslovské sedlo pass – Tři kameny – Ucháč – Jelení skok – Loveč – Lískovec – Loučná nad Desnou[24]
Pekařovská cesta – Pekařovský vrch – Studenec – Račinka brook valley – Velké Losiny – Smrčná – Pod Lískovcem
Ski trails
editDuring the snowy periods, the hiking and cycling routes, as well as other roads, are used for cross-country skiing trails.[23] Additionally, the only downhill ski trail on the northeastern slope of the mountain is marked as Sjezdovka Dětská I (3), which is part of the Ski Areál Přemyslov ski resort.[25][26][27] The other downhill trails in this resort, numbered 1 and 2, are located on the slope of the neighboring Jelení skalka mountain.[23][28]
No. 3: an easy trail of 200 meters with a T-bar lift.[28]
Notes
edit- ^ a b The designation is indexed to distinguish it from two other peaks in the same range with the same name: Kamenec (2), located 3.3 km southeast of the Skřítek pass, and Kamenec (3), located 1.7 km east of the village of Bělá pod Pradědem.
- ^ The forest stand of the entire Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area includes: European spruce 84%, European beech 10%, European larch 1.5%, sycamore maple 1.1%, birch 1%, common alder 0.8%, dwarf mountain pine 0.4%, grey alder 0.3%, (European silver fir, European ash, and linden) 0.2%, Scotch pine 0.1%, and others (Pinus mugo, oak, hornbeam, Norway maple, elm, rowan, green alder, aspen, poplar, and goat willow) 0.2%.
References
edit- ^ "Jeseníky". ultratisicovky.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-10-05.
- ^ "Ucháč (Ohren B.) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj "Ucháč (mapa turystyczna) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ "Dvě skaliska Hrubeho Jeseníku – Ucháč, Tři kameny, Rejhotice Přemyslovské sedlo Bukovická skála". horycesko.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-05-23.
- ^ "Ucháč – Jeseníky". zajimavamista.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2018-12-18.
- ^ a b "Ucháč (HLV 356; 1009 m)". www.tisicovky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ a b c "Slená (Glasdorf)". Zaniklé obce a objekty (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-03-05.
- ^ a b "Sklená, okr. Šumperk, Olomoucký kraj". Archeologický atlas ČR (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-05-22.
- ^ a b "View". www.heywhatsthat.com. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Geoprohlížeč – ZÚ (Geoportal Czech)". Český Úřad Zeměměřický a Katastrální (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Ucháč (mapa lotnicza) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ a b c "Bukovická skalka". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ Cymerman, Z. (1998). "Spory o podział geologiczny Sudetów". Przegląd Geologiczny (in Polish). 46 (6): 531. ISSN 0033-2151. Archived from the original on 2018-12-11.
- ^ a b "Geologická mapa 1:50 000". mapy.geology.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ "Hrubý Jeseník (mapa) (JPEG)". dudisoft.eu (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
- ^ "Studánka U chaty (12923)". estudanky.eu (in Czech). 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-03-27.
- ^ "Přemyslovské sedlo". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ "Přírodní rezervace Přemyslovské sedlo". navstivtejeseniky.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2018-12-18.
- ^ a b Gerža, M. "Plán péče o přírodní rezervaci Přemyslovské sedlo na období 2015–2024". Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny České republiky (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2021-06-24.
- ^ "Ubytování Loučná nad Desnou". www.e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- ^ "Ubytování Jindřichov". www.e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- ^ "Ubytování Velké Losiny". www.e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- ^ a b c "Ucháč (mapa tras narciarskich) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- ^ "Cyklotrasa 6155 Kouty – PVE DS". ejeseniky.com (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2023-03-05.
- ^ "Ski Areál Přemyslov". jeseniky.net. Archived from the original on 2022-08-14.
- ^ "Ski Areal Premyslov". Narty.sport.pl (in Polish). 1 January 2010. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- ^ "Ski Areál Přemyslov". www.ceske-sjezdovky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- ^ a b "Sjezdovka Dětská I (mapa trasy zjazdowej) 1:3000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-06.
