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Comment: Most of this is the kind of information the Center will have on its website, for prospective grad students, etc., rather than information of encyclopedic interest. Remove all that kind of thing (really, you don't want people to be getting that kind of info from wikipedia...) and have a look at the sources you have left - is there anything independent? You need at least a couple fully independent sources to show notability. asilvering (talk) 02:23, 25 June 2023 (UTC)
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| Established | 1966 |
|---|---|
| Type | Research group |
| Location |
|
Co-Directors | Andreas Neuber and James Dickens |
Parent organization | Texas Tech University |
Budget | $4.5 million (annual funding) |
Staff | 12 |
Students | 20 (graduate), 10 (undergraduate) |
| Website | www.p3e.ttu.edu |
Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics edit
The Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics (commonly abbreviated as P3E) is a research group that forms part of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Texas Tech University. Situated in Lubbock, Texas, P3E specializes in the domains of plasma, power electronics, and pulsed power research.
Pulsed power research at Texas Tech began in the early 1970s with studies in high beta controlled thermonuclear fusion.[14] Based on this initial research and other research in the field the need to understand the physical phenomena of pulsed power technology.[14] Today the Texas Tech pulsed power research program at P3E focuses on high power switching, materials studies, and high power microwaves.[14]
History edit
The Center's origins can be traced back to 1966, when it operated as a Plasma research group within Texas Tech University. In these early stages, P3E focused on a variety of research areas, which included studying harmonic ion cyclotron resonances in compact mirror apparatuses, exploring laser-induced heating in magnetized plasma, and experimenting with pellet introduction in high-density, thermally active plasmas.[1]
A significant stride was made in 1977 with the development and usage of a small Tokamak, which enabled extensive studies on wave propagation within the ion cyclotron frequency range. The following years saw the Center broadening its research focus to encompass compact pulsed power, high power microwave generation, critical examinations of electric breakdown, the design and testing of wide bandgap switches, explosively driven pulsed power generators, ionospheric applications, and power electronics.
The early 1970s signaled a crucial shift for the Center, as it developed a keen interest in Pulsed Power, inspired by controlled thermonuclear fusion studies with high beta. These groundbreaking efforts at Texas Tech, coupled with other developments in the field, underscored the need for a deeper understanding of pulsed power technology's inherent physical phenomena.
From its inception, the Center's work has been interdisciplinary, involving faculty members from various academic departments. In 1998, a new research endeavor was launched at Texas Tech, focusing on explosively driven pulsed power. The main concentration was on Magnetic Flux Compression Generators and methodologies for adapting their outputs to a range of loads. Concurrently, other explosive generators, such as ferroelectric and ferromagnetic generators, were investigated. More recently, the Center has been exploring the machining boundaries of dry machined polymer-bonded high explosives (HEs).[1]
Research and Personnel edit
Pulsed power research at the Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics centers around the storing, shaping, transmitting, and measurement of high voltage, high current pulses with the goal of delivering electrical energy to a load or applicator. This energy is transferred in high power short pulses, supporting a wide variety of application areas such as laser drivers, high power microwave generators, particle accelerators, nuclear fusion and weapons effects, lightning simulations, industrial manufacturing technology, and electromagnetic mass drivers. The voltages and currents involved may reach Mega-Volts and Mega-Ampere ranges, with time scales as short as the sub-nanosecond regime, necessitating rigorous material selection, shielding, and measuring techniques. One important area within this domain is high power (> 100 MW) microwave source development, which has notable military applications.[1]
In tandem with pulsed power, power electronics is a key research area within the center. This field focuses on high efficiency power supply and capacitor charger designs, rotating machines, and specialized high average power solid state circuit designs. These applications extend to the conversion and control of electric power, including renewable energy systems, energy storage, and electric vehicles.[1]
The Plasma, Power Electronics, and Pulsed Power Group at Texas Tech boasts a robust team, consisting of eight faculty members possessing a wide range of expertise from Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Mechanical Engineering (ME), and Physics backgrounds. In addition to the faculty, an average of 20 graduate students and 10 undergraduate student assistants contribute to the ongoing research. The center's technical and administrative staff is composed of three research engineers, one machinist, three technicians, one business manager, and one buyer. [1]
Current Research edit
Currently, the Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics receives annual funding approaching $4.5 million for their Plasma, Power Electronics, and Pulsed Power Research Programs. The Center's work encompasses a wide array of topics, including but not limited to:[2]
- Research on shape charges
- Development of electric space propulsion devices
- Breakdown studies in solids and liquids
- Exploration of industrial uses for pulsed power technology
- Development of novel switch concepts
- Investigation of the interaction between arc channels, electrodes, and insulators
- Studies of high power microwaves
- Research on the surface physics of insulators
- Development of electrodes and insulators for electromagnetic launchers
- Development of insulators for high-voltage applications in space
- Research in solid state power electronics
- Studies on erosion-resistant materials for space propulsion
- Investigation of sub-nanosecond pulse phenomena
- Electron beam generation studies
- Inductive energy storage research
- Explosive generation of pulsed power studies
- Research on explosive magnetic flux compression generators
- Studies on explosive ferromagnetic and piezoelectric generators
- Research on corona formation and mitigation
- Modelling of circuits and rotating machines
- Liquid breakdown studies
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recently announced a $42 million investment in 15 projects across 11 states to enhance the reliability, resiliency, and flexibility of the domestic power grid through the development of next-generation semiconductor technologies[^arpa-press-release]. Managed by DOE’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), the funded projects aim to improve the control of grid power flow, enhance protection of critical infrastructure assets, and streamline the coordinated operation of electricity supply and demand[3].
Selected projects include developments such as an optically isolated, power-integrated building block for enhanced control of power electronics converters, a diamond semiconductor transistor to support the control infrastructure for distributed generation sources, and an ultrawide-bandgap optical triggered device for fast protection of solid-state transformers[3].
The announcement aligns with President Biden’s Investing in America agenda, focusing on the modernization of the nation's power grid and the acceleration of clean energy resources deployment.[3]
Combating Improvised Explosive Devices edit
In addition to the Center's extensive research efforts, it has played a significant role in the United States Department of Defense's initiatives to combat improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The Center's expertise in pulsed power has been instrumental in developing methods to disable electrical systems from a distance, including IEDs and car bombs. Their research has garnered recognition and was referenced in a Popular Mechanics story on the Navy's research in defeating IEDs.[4][5]
Notable Past and Current Programs edit
Over the years, the Texas Tech University Pulsed Power Laboratory, part of the Center, has hosted numerous significant programs. Examples of past projects include the development of relativistic klystrons, exploration of nanosecond and sub-nanosecond breakdowns in dielectric media, and development of high current triggered vacuum spark gaps, among many others. The laboratory has also been engaged in ongoing programs, such as the development of efficient power supplies for electric propulsion thrusters and research on solid-state cryoelectronics design.[2]
Research Facilities and Technical Capabilities edit
The Pulsed Power and Power Electronics (P3E) Center occupies an impressive space of over 15,000 square feet within the dedicated Electrical Engineering research building completed in 1980. An addition in 1999 introduced high bay laboratory space, further enhancing the Center's facilities. Additional off-campus facilities encompassing 12,000 square feet are utilized for specialized research involving energetic materials.
The P3E Center is equipped with an array of cutting-edge computer resources, including high-end MPS workstations, 3-D graphics co-processors, high-speed network connections, and workstation-class PCs. It also boasts a variety of printers, scanners, image converter cameras, mega-pixel SLR digital cameras, and redundant MS Windows domain servers.
The Center utilizes an extensive suite of software, including OrCad PSpice, Synopsys Saber, Simplore, Maxwell 3-D, Ansoft HFSS, Matlab, Autodyn 3-D, CTH 3-D hydrodynamic code, and COMSOL, among others. Access to the university’s High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) offers additional computational power and software tools.
An array of equipment and facilities are available at the Center, including:
- Pulsed high voltage, high current diagnostic equipment
- Optical equipment, detectors, and spectrometers
- VUV-UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy systems
- Pulsed and CW lasers
- Image converter streak and framing cameras
- Rotating prism and mirror framing cameras
- 50 GHz Oscilloscopes
- Various high voltage D.C. power supplies
- A fluorescence detection system
- Scanning electron and optical microscopes
- Marx generators (up to 2 MV)
- Magnetic coil systems and associated power supplies
- Closed cycle refrigeration system
- High power microwave equipment
- A class 100,000 (ISO8) clean room
- Multiple explosive chambers, among others[2]
The Center's impressive setup equips researchers with the tools necessary for advanced studies and developments in pulsed power and power electronics.[2]
Center Engineers/Scientists edit
- Magne (Kris) Kristiansen – Director (1967 -2013)
- Lynn Hatfield
- Hermann Krompholz
- Klaus Zieher
- Michael Giesselmann
- James Dickens (1995 – present; Co-Director 2013 - present)
- Andreas Neuber (1996 – present; Co-Director 2013 – present)
- John Mankowski
- RP Joshi (2015 - present)
- Jacob Stephens (2019 – present)
The P3E center has partnered with researchers from other institutions for collaborative work under various MURIs (Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative).[6] The latest studies have examined multipactor onset, growth, associated space charge effects, and transition to ionization breakdown. This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) in collaboration with Michigan State University.[7][8] Other successful MURIs were the Relativistic Klystron Development (AFOSR), High Microwave Device Consortium (AFOSR), Nanosecond and Sub-Nanosecond Breakdown of Dielectric Media (AFOSR), and Explosive-Driven Pulsed Generation for Directed-Energy Munitions (AFOSR).[9][10]
Conference Organization edit
- The 1st IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference was held in 1976 in Lubbock, TX. The conference was chaired by Kris Kristiansen.[11]
- The 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference was held in 2003 in Dallas, TX. The conference chair was Michael Giesselmann and the Technical Program Chair was Andreas Neuber.[12]
- The 2023 Pulsed Power Conference was chaired by Stephen Bayne, with Jacob Stephens serving as secretary.[13]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e "P3E Brochure" (PDF). P3E website. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d "P3E Overview". P3E website. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ a b c "U.S. Department of Energy Announces $42 Million to Strengthen the Reliability of the Power Grid". Arpa Press Release. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ "Texas Tech Center for Pulsed Power Aiding in Fight against IEDs". Newswise website. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ "The Navy Reveals Secret Device to Defeat IEDs". Popular Mechanics website. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ "MULTIDISCIPLINARY UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INITIATIVES (MURI) PROGRAM". Office of Naval Research Science & Technology website. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ^ "AFOSR sponsored collaboration with Michigan State University". Grant Details. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ^ "AFOSR". Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ^ "Relativistic Klystron Development". Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ^ "Explosive-Driven Pulsed Generation for Directed-Energy Munitions". Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ^ Proceedings: IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, November 9, 10. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ^ "Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference". IEEE Xplore. doi:10.1109/PPC.2003.1277914. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ^ "Committee - Pulsed Power Conference 2023". ppc2023.org. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
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