Draft:Outline of human physiology

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human physiology.

Human physiology – science of the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. Physiology focuses principally at the level of organs and systems.

Essence of human physiology edit

Homeostasis

Systems in human physiology edit

Nervous system edit

Nervous System

Central Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
Peripheral nervous system
- Cranial nerves
  - First cranial nerve -- Olfactory nerve. Transmits the sense of smell from the nasal caivty. Located in the olfactory foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.
  - Second cranial nerve -- Optic nerve. Technically not a peripheral nerve; actually a tract of the diencephalon. Transmits visual signals from the retina of the eye to the brain.
  - Third cranial nerve -- Oculomotor nerve. Innervates the eye muscles which collectively perform most eye movements.
  - Fourth cranial nerve -- Trochlear nerve. Innervates an eye muscle.
  - Fifth cranial nerve -- Trigeminal nerve. Receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication.
  - Sixth cranial nerve -- Abducens nerve. Innervates an eye muscle.
  - Seventh cranial nerve -- Facial nerve. Provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, part of the digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, and stapedius muscle. Also receives the special sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and provides secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands (except parotid) and the lacrimal gland.
  - Eighth cranial nerve -- Acoustic nerve. Senses sound, rotation, and gravity (essential for balance and movement).
  - Ninth cranial nerve -- Glossopharyngeal nerve. Receives taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, provides secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland, and provides motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus. Some sensation is also relayed to the brain from the palatine tonsils.
  - Tenth cranial nerve -- Vagus nerve. Supplies branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles (except the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal). Provides parasympathetic fibers to nearly all thoracic and abdominal viscera down to the splenic flexure. Receives the special sense of taste from the epiglottis.
  - Eleventh cranial nerve -- Spinal accessory nerve. Controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, and overlaps with functions of the vagus nerve.
  - Twelfth cranial nerve -- Hypoglossal nerve. Provides motor innervation to most of the muscles of the tongue and other glossal muscles.
- Spinal nerves

History of human physiology edit

Subdisciplines of human physiology edit

References edit

External links edit

This outline displayed as a mindmap, at wikimindmap.com
http://www.innerbody.com/

v t e Physiology of the endocrine system
Regulatory systems	Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system Renin–angiotensin system
Metabolism	Blood sugar regulation Calcium metabolism
Fields	Neuroendocrinology Pediatric endocrinology Psychoneuroendocrinology Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
Other	Wolff–Chaikoff effect/Jod-Basedow effect Plummer effect

v t e Physiology of the visual system
Vision	Accommodation Gaze Intraocular pressure Visual field
Color vision	Color blindness Achromatopsia Köllner's rule Opponent process Dichromacy Monochromacy Pentachromacy Tetrachromacy Trichromacy

v t e Respiratory physiology
Respiration	breath inhalation exhalation obligate nasal breathing respiratory rate respirometer pulmonary surfactant compliance elastic recoil hysteresivity airway resistance bronchial hyperresponsiveness constriction dilatation mechanical ventilation
Control	pons pneumotaxic center apneustic center medulla dorsal respiratory group ventral respiratory group chemoreceptors central peripheral pulmonary stretch receptors Hering–Breuer reflex
Lung volumes	VC FRC Vt dead space CC PEF calculations respiratory minute volume FEV1/FVC ratio Lung function tests spirometry body plethysmography peak flow meter nitrogen washout
Circulation	pulmonary circulation hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction pulmonary shunt
Interactions	ventilation (V) Perfusion (Q) Ventilation/perfusion ratio V/Q scan zones of the lung gas exchange pulmonary gas pressures alveolar gas equation alveolar–arterial gradient hemoglobin oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve (Oxygen saturation 2,3-BPG Bohr effect Haldane effect) carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift) oxyhemoglobin respiratory quotient arterial blood gas diffusion capacity (DLCO)
Insufficiency	high altitude death zone oxygen toxicity hypoxia

v t e Physiology of skin
Skin physiology	Galvanic skin response Skin repair Skin temperature Perspiration
Hair	Human hair color Piloerection
Superficial fascia and areolar connective tissue	Adipogenesis

v t e Physiology of bone and cartilage
Bone	Bone density Bone remodeling Bone healing Bone resorption Osseointegration Ossification Osteolysis Bone age Periosteal reaction
Cartilage	Chondrogenesis
Joint	Range of motion
Teeth	Chewing Cementogenesis

Draft:Outline of human physiology

Contents

Essence of human physiology edit

Systems in human physiology edit

Nervous system edit

Musculoskeletal system edit

Circulatory system edit

Respiratory system edit

Gastrointestinal system edit

Integumentary system edit

Urinary system edit

Reproductive system edit

Immune system edit

Endocrine system edit

Lymphatic system edit

Exocrine system edit

History of human physiology edit

Subdisciplines of human physiology edit

Related Articles edit

See also edit

References edit

External links edit

v t e Human physiology of sexual reproduction
Menstrual cycle	Menarche Menstruation Follicular phase Ovulation Luteal phase
Gametogenesis	Spermatogenesis spermatogonium spermatocyte spermatid sperm Oogenesis oogonium oocyte ootid ovum Germ cell gonocyte gamete
Human sexual activity	Sexual arousal Sexual intercourse Masturbation Erection Penile Clitoral Orgasm Ejaculation Male Female Insemination Fertilization / Fertility Implantation Pregnancy Postpartum period Mechanics of sex Vaginal lubrication
Development of the reproductive system	Sexual differentiation Sexual dimorphism Feminization Virilization Puberty Gonadarche Tanner scale Pubarche Menarche Spermarche Adrenarche Maternal age / Paternal age Menopause
Egg	Ovum Vivipary
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility	Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis Andrology Hormone
Breast	Thelarche Development Lactation Breastfeeding
Human reproductive system	Male Female
Diseases and disorders	Anorgasmia Dysorgasmia Dyspareunia Erectile dysfunction Hard flaccid syndrome Premature ejaculation Vaginismus

v t e Physiology types
Animals	Fish physiology Human physiology Insect physiology Physiology of dinosaurs
Plants	Plant physiology Plant perception (physiology) Physiological plant disorders
Cells	Cell physiology
Related topics	Comparative physiology Ecophysiology Electrophysiology Evolutionary physiology Molecular physiology Neurophysiology