Wikipedia

Draft:Orlík (mountain)

Orlík
View from the slope of Medvědí vrch [pl] to the top of Orlík
Highest point
Elevation1,204 m (3,950 ft)
Prominence91 m (299 ft)
Coordinates50°10′35.8″N 17°17′55.5″E / 50.176611°N 17.298750°E / 50.176611; 17.298750
Geography
Parent rangeHrubý Jeseník

Orlík (historical name in German: Urlichkuppe)[1] is a mountain with a height of 1,204 meters above sea level in the Hrubý Jeseník range, located in northeastern Czech Republic, in the Eastern Sudetes, in Silesia, within the municipality of Zlaté Hory, approximately 11.5 km northeast of the summit of Praděd mountain.[2][3][4]

Characteristics

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Location

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View from the village of Rejvíz of the peaks Zámecký vrch (1) [pl], Medvědí vrch [pl] and Orlík. Below Přední Jestřábí, Orlík–Z and Orlík–SZ (above the Orlík guesthouse)

Orlík is located in the northeastern part of the entire Hrubý Jeseník range, situated in the northern area (microregion) known as the Orlík Massif [pl] (Czech: Medvědská hornatina).[2] It is the third highest peak of the Orlík Massif, after Medvědí vrch [pl] and Jelení loučky [pl].[5][6] Orlík is a very expansive mountain, situated on two arms (ridges) of this massif: the main, arched ridge stretching from Zámecký vrch (1) [pl][a] to Na vyhlídce (1)[b] with the main summit, and the side, arched ridge stretching from Kristovo loučení [pl] pass to Rejvíz pass with two secondary summits.[2] Orlík is a well-recognizable mountain, as it is located in the central pair of peaks Orlík and Medvědí vrch in this part of the Hrubý Jeseník range, having similar heights and being visible from the observation towers of both Praděd and Biskupia Kopa.[7] However, from another characteristic viewpoint – the road surrounding the summit of Dlouhé stráně – it is not visible as it is obscured by Velký Jezerník [pl] mountain.[7] Orlík is very well visible, among others, from the summit of Medvědí louka [pl] and from the slopes of mountains such as Medvědí vrch and Jelení loučky. Additionally, it is visible and recognizable from the nearby road no. 445 from Rýmařov to Zlaté Hory, as well as from road no. 453 from Jeseník to Město Albrechtice passing through the village of Rejvíz.[7]

The mountain is bounded:[2]

  • to the north by the valley of the Opava river;
  • to the northeast by a pass at an elevation of 853 meters above sea level towards Zámecký vrch (1), the valley of the Podzámecký stream, and a pass at an elevation of 1,037 meters above sea level towards Stará hora [pl];
  • to the east by the valley of the Slučí stream, a pass at an elevation of 731 meters above sea level towards Velká seč, and the valley of the Sokolí stream flowing in the Jezevčí kotlina basin;
  • to the south by a pass at an elevation of 1,113 meters above sea level towards Medvědí vrch and a pass at an elevation of 1,097 meters above sea level towards Medvědí louka;
  • to the southwest by the valley of the Šumný stream'
  • to the west by a pass at an elevation of 1,027 meters above sea level towards Velké Bradlo [pl];
  • to the northwest by a pass at an elevation of 1,009 meters above sea level towards Srnčí vrch [pl].

Surrounding the mountain are the following peaks:[2]

  • to the northwest, Srnčí vrch, Kazatelny, and Kazatelny–SV;
  • to the north, Přední Jestřábí–JZ and Přední Jestřábí;
  • to the northeast, Zámecký vrch (1), Stará hora, Rovný vrch, and Rovný vrch–JV;
  • to the east, Velká seč;
  • to the southeast, Medvědí skály and Medvědí vrch;
  • to the southwest, Medvědí louka and Velké Bradlo.

On some maps, additional northern peaks are listed under the names Žárný vrch (1,086 meters above sea level), Žár (1,151 meters above sea level), and Slídový vrch (1,058 meters above sea level). However, due to the weak differentiation and exposure of these peaks relative to the entire Orlík Massif, newer studies and measurements suggest that these names should rather be assigned to their corresponding slopes.[8]

Slopes

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Dlouhá rock group

Within the mountain, the following seven main slopes can be distinguished:[2][8]

  • southern
  • southwestern
  • western, named Loučení Kristovo
  • northwestern, named Žárný vrch
  • northern, named Žár, Stráně, Nad Opavou
  • northeastern, named Slídový vrch
  • eastern, named Dlouhá, Velká seč, Macocha

All types of forestation can be found here: spruce forest, mixed forest,[c] and deciduous forest, with spruce forest predominating.[8][9] On the western, northeastern, and eastern slopes, mixed forest areas appear as the altitude decreases, and on the western and eastern slopes, even small areas of deciduous forest can be found.[8][9] Due to the large area of the mountain, almost all slopes feature thinnings, clearings, glades, and meadows.[9] Larger rock formations are found on the northern Stráně slope, the southern slope near the secondary summit Orlík–JV, and the eastern Dlouhá slope, which also features numerous rock groups.[8] On the eastern Dlouhá slope, about 1,170 meters east of the peak, at an elevation of 1,025 meters above sea level, lies a rock group named Dlouhá.[2][8]

The slopes have uneven, generally gentle, and little-varied inclines. The average slope gradient ranges from 6° (southern and northeastern slopes) to 10° (southwestern and western slopes).[2] The average gradient of all the slopes of the mountain (weighted arithmetic mean of the slopes) is around 8°.[2] The maximum average gradient of the western slope at the base of the secondary peak Orlík–SZ, near the Cesta svobody road, does not exceed 35° over a 50-meter section.[2] Besides a few marked tourist trails, the slopes are covered with a network of intersecting roads (including Opavská cesta, Jelení cesta, Cesta svobody, Medvědí cesta, Osmičková cesta, Ruská cesta, K Jelení chatě, Devítková cesta) and generally unmarked paths and tracks.[2]

Forest cemetery of Russian prisoners

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Forest cemetery of Russian prisoners of war on the slope of Orlík

At the base of the northwestern Žárný vrch slope, near the yellow tourist trail, close to a cabin named Opavská chata, about 2.3 km northwest of the summit, lies a forest cemetery (Czech: Lesní ruský hřbitov). It is the resting place of Russian prisoners of war who died of typhus between 1941 and 1943 while working during World War II. They were imprisoned in the Rejvíz camp, established near the cemetery, and their graves are marked with stones of varying sizes.[2] The cemetery has been reconstructed multiple times, most recently in 1999.[10] The cemetery holds the remains of 23 prisoners, as listed on a special informational plaque placed there.[11]

Main summit

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Summit area of Orlík with a visible triangulation station at the bottom left

There is no tourist trail leading to the peak.[2][5] The summit area is forested with spruce, covered with alpine grass, and features a wooden fence to the east, erected by forestry services around a closed wildlife feeding area of about 0.3 km².[2][9] Additionally, the summit area is at the intersection of field roads leading to neighboring peaks such as Medvědí vrch [pl] and Medvědí louka [pl].[9] Due to the increasing height of the forest over time, the summit area is not a viewpoint. At the summit, there is a triangulation station, marked on geodetic maps with the number 22, with an elevation of 1,203.58 meters above sea level and geographic coordinates 50°10′35.76″N 17°17′55.53″E / 50.1766000°N 17.2987583°E / 50.1766000; 17.2987583.[8]

The most convenient access to the summit is from the tourist intersection called Pásmo Orlíka, with an indicated elevation of 1,005 meters on the information board.[12] Following the green tourist trail towards the Solná chata tourist stop, after about 900 meters, there is a path where one needs to turn left, covering a distance of about 560 meters to the peak of Medvědí louka, which has a characteristic exposed summit area.[9] Continuing through this area for about 500 meters along a path marked by posts, there is an intersection, from where a visible field road through a clearing leads to the summit, approximately 900 meters away.[9] An alternative route is also possible from the yellow tourist trail and the tourist intersection Kristovo loučení.[3][13]

Secondary summits

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View from the path behind the summit area of Medvědí louka towards the secondary summit Orlík–SE
 
Summit area of the secondary summit Orlík–NW
 
Summit area of the secondary summit Orlík–W

Within the entire massif of the mountain, apart from the main summit, there are three lower secondary summits.[2][8]

  Secondary summits of Orlík
Number Summit Elevation

(meters above sea level)

Distance from main summit

(kilometres)

Coordinates  
1 Orlík–JV 1,138 0.87 southeast 50°10′09.1″N 17°18′15.1″E / 50.169194°N 17.304194°E / 50.169194; 17.304194
2 Orlík–SZ 1,056 1.74 northwest 50°10′52.6″N 17°16′31.3″E / 50.181278°N 17.275361°E / 50.181278; 17.275361
3 Orlík–Z 1,051 1.3 west 50°10′45.2″N 17°16′50.8″E / 50.179222°N 17.280778°E / 50.179222; 17.280778

Geology

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Geologically, Orlík belongs to the Desná Dome [pl] unit[14] and is composed of metamorphic rocks, mainly blasto-mylonites, phyllites (muscovites, biotites, chlorites), gneisses, mica schists (graphites), and quartzites. It also contains sedimentary rocks, primarily meta-conglomerates and meta-aleurites, as well as igneous rocks, mainly meta-granitoids and meta-pegmatites.[15][16]

Waters

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Orlík summit
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
38
 
 
−4
−9
 
 
35
 
 
−3
−9
 
 
51
 
 
1
−6
 
 
58
 
 
8
−2
 
 
100
 
 
13
3
 
 
101
 
 
15
6
 
 
115
 
 
18
8
 
 
91
 
 
18
8
 
 
66
 
 
13
4
 
 
38
 
 
9
0
 
 
46
 
 
2
−4
 
 
38
 
 
−3
−8
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Climate Orlík. meteoblue.com
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.5
 
 
25
16
 
 
1.4
 
 
27
16
 
 
2
 
 
34
21
 
 
2.3
 
 
46
28
 
 
3.9
 
 
55
37
 
 
4
 
 
59
43
 
 
4.5
 
 
64
46
 
 
3.6
 
 
64
46
 
 
2.6
 
 
55
39
 
 
1.5
 
 
48
32
 
 
1.8
 
 
36
25
 
 
1.5
 
 
27
18
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

The main ridge (crest) of Praděd, running from Skřítek [pl] pass to Červenohorské sedlo [pl] pass and further to Ramzovské sedlo [pl] pass, is part of the European watershed boundary, which divides the drainage basins of the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.[17]

The summit and slopes of Orlík are located northeast of this boundary, therefore belonging to the Baltic Sea watershed. The waters flow into the Baltic Sea, specifically into the Oder river basin, which is an extension of the mountain streams originating from this part of the Hrubý Jeseník mountains. Among these streams are the Podzámecký potok and Šumný potok, which flow near the mountain.[2] From the western slope of the mountain, the Černá Opava stream originates, while from the eastern slope, the Slučí potok and Sokolí potok streams begin.[2] Additionally, short, unnamed streams originate from the slopes, serving as tributaries to the aforementioned streams: Podzámecký potok, Šumný potok, Černá Opava, and Slučí potok.[2] Due to the relatively gentle slopes, the mountain does not feature waterfalls or cascades.[2]

Nature protection

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The entire mountain is within the protected area known as the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area [pl] (Czech: Chráněná krajinná oblast (CHKO) Jeseníky), established to protect geological formations, landforms, flora,[16] and rare animal species.[2] There are no nature reserves or monuments designated on its slopes.[2] Furthermore, there are no educational trails marked within the mountain's area.[2]

Tourism

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There are no mountain huts or hotels within the mountain's vicinity.[2] The nearest tourist facilities are located in Vrbno pod Pradědem,[18] about 8 km southeast of the summit, and in the village of Rejvíz, with its guesthouses,[19] about 6 km north of the summit.[2] Due to the considerable distances to these bases, the mountain has limited tourist significance.[2]

A crucial tourist point is the intersection named Kristovo loučení, with an elevation of 1,051 meters marked on the information board. It features a canopy and a wooden cross, located about 970 meters west of the main summit along the yellow tourist trail.[2][13]

Hunting lodges

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Heřmanovická chata
 
Na Devítce lodge

Six lodges are situated on the mountain's slopes, but they do not serve as typical tourist shelters. Instead, they are classified as hunting lodges.[2]

  Hunting lodges on the slopes of Orlík
Number Lodge Distance from the summit

(meters)

Location Coordinates
1 Heřmanovická chata[20] 910 southeast Near the secondary summit Orlík–JV 50°10′10.3″N 17°18′19.2″E / 50.169528°N 17.305333°E / 50.169528; 17.305333
2 Jelení chata (3)[d][21] 1,940 southeast Eastern slope, near the road K Jelení chatě, near the Sokolí potok stream 50°10′18.7″N 17°19′30.0″E / 50.171861°N 17.325000°E / 50.171861; 17.325000
3 Na Devítce[22] 1,710 northeast Eastern slope, near Slučí potok stream 50°10′59.3″N 17°19′13.5″E / 50.183139°N 17.320417°E / 50.183139; 17.320417
4 Opavská chata[23][24][25] 2,000 northwest Base of the Žárný vrch slope 50°11′26.4″N 17°16′52.6″E / 50.190667°N 17.281278°E / 50.190667; 17.281278
5 Podzámecká chata[26][27] 2,700 northwest Base of the northeastern slope 50°11′48.5″N 17°19′10.6″E / 50.196806°N 17.319611°E / 50.196806; 17.319611
6 Tetřeví chata (2)[e][28][29] 500 north Near the main summit 50°10′51.3″N 17°17′48.8″E / 50.180917°N 17.296889°E / 50.180917; 17.296889

Tourist trails

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The Czech Tourist Club (Czech: Klub Českých Turistů) has marked two hiking trails in the area of the mountain:[2][30][31]

  Rejvíz – Rejvíz National Nature Reserve [pl] – Přední Jestřábí – Přední Jestřábí-JZ – Kazatelny-SV – Kazatelny – Orlík – Kristovo loučení [pl] pass – Medvědí louka [pl] – Ostruha–JV – Jelení loučky [pl] – Děrná [pl] – Ztracený vrch [pl] – Lysý vrch [pl] – Osikový vrch [pl] – Videlské sedlo [pl] pass – Kamzičí vrch [pl] – Malý Děd [pl] – Švýcárna [pl] mountain hut[32]

  Město Albrechtice – Česká Ves – Holčovice – Komorský potok stream valley – Komora – Končina – Heřmanovice – Hornické skály – Příčný vrch [pl] – Pod Ostrým – Zámecký vrch (1) [pl][a] – Orlík – Opavská chata mountain hut

Cycling and ski trails

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Two cycling routes run through the slopes of the mountain:[2]

  Videlské sedlo – Osikový vrch – Lysý vrch – Ztracený vrch – Děrná – Ostruha–JV – Ostruha [pl] – Orlík – Kristovo loučení pass – Prameny Opavice pass – Příčný vrch – Lysý vrch – Zlaté Hory

  Horní Lipová [pl] – Sněhulák – Strmý – Miroslav – Sedlo pod Javoříkem pass – Javořík – Javořík–SV – Nad Bobrovníkem – Adolfovice [pl] – Šumný potok stream valley – Dlouhá hora – Srnčí vrch [pl] – Orlík–SZ – Velké Bradlo–Z – Velké Bradlo [pl] – Pod Velkým Bradlem

During snowy periods, cross-country skiing trails follow the hiking and cycling routes.[33][34] No downhill skiing routes have been established in the area of the mountain.[33]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b The indexed designation distinguishes it from another peak in the same range with the same name, Zámecký vrch (2), which is located 3 km southeast of the town of Vrbno pod Pradědem.
  2. ^ The indexed designation distinguishes it from another peak in the same range with the same name, Na Vyhlídce (2), which is located near the town of Ludvíkov.
  3. ^ The forest stand of the entire Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area includes: European spruce 84%, European beech 10%, European larch 1.5%, sycamore maple 1.1%, birch 1%, common alder 0.8%, dwarf mountain pine 0.4%, grey alder 0.3%, (European silver fir, European ash, and linden) 0.2%, Scotch pine 0.1%, and others (Pinus mugo, oak, hornbeam, Norway maple, elm, rowan, green alder, aspen, poplar, and goat willow) 0.2%.
  4. ^ Indexed designation to distinguish it from two other lodges with the same name in the same range: Jelení chata (1) located on the slope of Vysoká hole mountain and Jelení chata (2) located on the slope of Keprník mountain.
  5. ^ Indexed designation to distinguish it from another lodge with the same name in the same range: Tetřeví chata (1) located on the slope of Kamenec (1).

References

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  1. ^ "Orlík (Urlichkuppe) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "Orlík (mapa turystyczna) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  3. ^ a b "Orlík – 1204 m n.m." www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  4. ^ "Orlík (OK/OL-009)". geocaching.com (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2021-01-28.
  5. ^ a b "Orlík". orlik.ceskehory.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2021-05-19.
  6. ^ Brandos, Otakar (18 November 2014). "Orlík (1 204 m) je hora v Hrubém Jeseníku". treking.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-11-29.
  7. ^ a b c "View". www.heywhatsthat.com. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h "Geoprohlížeč – ZÚ (Geoportal Czech)". Český Úřad Zeměměřický a Katastrální (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Orlík (mapa lotnicza) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  10. ^ Čep, Marian (3 December 2009). "Lesní ruský hřbitov". Město Zlaté Hory – Oficiální internetové stránky (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2017-12-18.
  11. ^ "Lesní ruský hřbitov – Rejvíz". jeseniky.net (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2020-08-13.
  12. ^ "Pásmo Orlíka". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  13. ^ a b "Kristovo loučení". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  14. ^ Cymerman, Z. (1998). "Spory o podział geologiczny Sudetów". Przegląd Geologiczny (in Polish). 46 (6): 531. ISSN 0033-2151. Archived from the original on 2018-12-11.
  15. ^ "Geologická mapa 1:50 000". mapy.geology.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  16. ^ a b Zmrhalová, M. (14 January 2011). "Vytvoření komplexního monitorovacího systému přírodního prostředí Moravskoslezského kraje. Bryologický průzkum ve vybraných lokalitách CHKO Jeseníky" (PDF). kr-moravskoslezsky.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
  17. ^ "Hrubý Jeseník (mapa) (JPEG)". dudisoft.eu (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
  18. ^ "Ubytování Vrbno pod Pradědem". www.e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  19. ^ "Ubytování Rejvíz". www.e-chalupy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  20. ^ Jordanová, Zdeňka. "Lovecké chaty v Jeseníkách. Heřmanovická chata". lovecke-chaty-v-jesenikach.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-09-28.
  21. ^ Jordanová, Zdeňka. "Lovecké chaty v Jeseníkách. Jelení chata". lovecke-chaty-v-jesenikach.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-09-28.
  22. ^ Jordanová, Zdeňka. "Lovecké chaty v Jeseníkách. Chata Na Devítce (Pod Devítkou)". lovecke-chaty-v-jesenikach.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-09-28.
  23. ^ Jordanová, Zdeňka. "Lovecké chaty v Jeseníkách. Opavská chata". lovecke-chaty-v-jesenikach.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-09-28.
  24. ^ "Opavská lovecká chata". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  25. ^ "Chata Opavská". eshop.alsol.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  26. ^ Jordanová, Zdeňka. "Lovecké chaty v Jeseníkách. Podzámecká chata". lovecke-chaty-v-jesenikach.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-10-01.
  27. ^ "Chata Podzámecká". eshop.alsol.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  28. ^ Jordanová, Zdeňka. "Lovecké chaty v Jeseníkách. Tetřeví chata". lovecke-chaty-v-jesenikach.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2022-10-01.
  29. ^ "Chata Tetřeví". eshop.alsol.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  30. ^ "Orlík není jen nad Vltavou či u Humpolce – Hora Orlík". horycesko.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
  31. ^ "Přes Medvědí vrch na Orlík". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  32. ^ "Rejvíz – Lurdská jeskyně – Koberštějn – Kristovo loučení – Rejvíz". www.turistika.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  33. ^ a b "Orlík (mapa tras narciarskich) 1:12 000". Mapy.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  34. ^ "Běžkařské trasy přes Pásmo Orlíka". jeseniky.net (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2021-11-28.
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