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Submission declined on 29 July 2024 by Bobby Cohn (talk). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified. If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners and Citing sources.
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Comment: Multiple instances of problematic named sources, please see the template warnings in the reference section in big red text. Bobby Cohn (talk) 21:56, 29 July 2024 (UTC)
Coiled-coil domain containing 97 (CCDC97) is a protein encoded by the CCDC97 gene.[1] This gene is a member of the CCDC family and has 2 transcriptional variants.[2]
Gene
editCCDC97, also known as FLJ40267 and MGC20255, is located at 19q13.2 on the plus strand in humans and has 6 exons.[3] Orthologs for this gene can be found in mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish, and invertebrates[4]. Transcriptional variant 1 or protein isoform 1[5] has 3329 base pairs and encodes the longer protein isoform and contains 343 amino acids.
Transcription and Protein
editThe CCD97 gene produces 5 different mRNAs; 3 alternatively spliced variants and 2 unsliced variants, with 2 spliced and unspliced mRNA encoding 4 good proteins resulting in 4 isoforms.[6]
The CCDC97 protein isoform 1 has a molecular mass of ~39 kDa[7] and a predicted isoelectric point of 4.5.[8] It is rich in acids such as aspartic acid (D) and glutamic acid (E) which are primarily located in the C-terminus.[9] In humans there is a protein abundance of 6.22ppm.[10] Two strong supported motifs found on the protein are DUF052 and an E-rich region.[11]
Evolution
editRate of Mutation
CCDC97 has an average rate of mutation when compared to a gene known to mutate slowly (cytochrome c) and quickly (Fibrinogen alpha)
Paralogs
There are no paralogs for CCDC97.
Orthologs
Orthologs for CCDC97 can be found in most vertebrates as well as invertebrates[12]. Aves (Birds) have sequence identities that are lower than expected, suggesting that this gene has greatly mutated in birds. Invertebrates are the most distantly related to humans with the lowest sequence identities.
CCDC97 | Genus and Species | Common Name | Taxanomic Group | Median Date of Divergance (MYA) | Accession Number | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity (%) | Sequence Similarity (%) |
Mammals | Homo sapiens | Humans | Primates | 0 | NM_052848 | 343 | 100% | 100% |
Cavia porcellus | Domestic Guinea Pig | Rodentia | 87 | XP_003462073 | 342 | 89.80% | 94.20% | |
Physeter catodon | Sperm Whale | Cetartiodactyla | 94 | XP_007128179 | 347 | 88.80% | 91.40% | |
Artibeus jamaicensis | Jamaican Fruit Bat | Chiroptera | 94 | XP_037013554 | 361 | 84.80% | 87.30% | |
Sarcophilus harrisii | Tasmanian Devil | Dasyuromorphia | 160 | XP_031819750 | 332 | 64.40% | 75.60% | |
Tachyglossus aculeatus | Australian Echidna | Monotremata | 180 | XP_038623271 | 330 | 59.00% | 68.10% | |
Reptlia | Python bivittatus | Burmese Python | Squamata | 319 | XP_007421554 | 345 | 51.50% | 62.90% |
Alligator mississippiensis | American Alligator | Crocodilia | 319 | XP_059574710 | 309 | 51.30% | 63.00% | |
Aves | Accipiter gentilis | Northern Goshawk | Cuculiformes | 319 | XP_049652563 | 303 | 41.10% | 50.30% |
Phalacrocorax carbo | Great Cormorant | Suliformes | 319 | XP_064296149 | 317 | 37.70% | 46.30% | |
Amphibia | Xenopus tropicalis | Tropical Clawed Frog | Anura | 325 | XP_012823864 | 300 | 46.20% | 61.90% |
Microcaecilia unicolor | Microcaecilia Unicolor | Gymnophiona | 352 | XP_030075449 | 315 | 47.10% | 61.40% | |
Fish | Protopterus annectens | West African Lungfish | Lepidosireniformes | 408 | XP_043933492 | 354 | 45.20% | 60.20% |
Latimeria chalumnae | Coelacanth | Coelacanthiformes | 415 | XP_014349074 | 339 | 47.50% | 63.70% | |
Acipenser ruthenus | Sterlet | Acipenseriformes | 429 | XP_033881880 | 363 | 46.30% | 57.90% | |
Leucoraja erinacea | Little Skate | Rajiformes | 462 | XP_055519601 | 344 | 46.10% | 63.30% | |
Callorhinchus milii | Elephant Shark | Chimaeriformes | 462 | XP_007909130 | 326 | 45.00% | 61.20% | |
Petromyzon marinus | Sea Lamprey | Petromyzontiformes | 563 | XP_032821086 | 314 | 40.70% | 57.10% | |
Invertebrate | Centruroides sculpturatus | Arizona Bark Scorpion | Scorpiones | 686 | XP_023213136.1 | 284 | 31.50% | 48.10% |
Caenorhabditis elegans | Roundworm | Rhabditida | 708 | NP_506468 | 301 | 28.20% | 45.50% | |
Ylistrum balloti | Ballot's Saucer Scallop | Pectinida | 708 | XP_060071957.1 | 343 | 28.00% | 42.20% |
Promoter
editThe promoter and gene sequence for the gene CCDC97 is located between chr19:41,309,673-41,310,813.[13]
Name | Class | Family |
KLF3 | C2H2 zinc finger factors | Three-zinc finger Kruppel-related |
ZNF454 | C2H2 zinc finger factors | More than 3 adjacent zinc fingers |
Thap11 | C2CH THAP-type zinc finger factors | THAP-related factors |
SOX14 | High-mobility group (HMG) domain factors | SOX-related factors |
PKNOX1 | Homeo domain factors | TALE-type homeo domain factors |
ZNF530 | C2H2 zinc finger factors | More than 3 adjacent zinc fingers |
Nrf1 | Basic leucine zipper factors (bZIP) | Jun-related |
ZNF213 | C2H2 zinc finger factors | More than 3 adjacent zinc fingers |
Secondary Structures
editName | Score | Sequence |
hsa-miR-486-3p | 99 | ctgcccca |
hsa-miR-30a-5p | 99 | tgtttaca |
hsa-miR-8085 | 98 | ctctccc |
hsa-miR-4524a-3p | 97 | ctgtctc |
hsa-miR-450a-2-3p | 92 | tccccaa |
Name | Score | Sequence |
A2BP1 | 11.1 | UGCAUG |
HNRNPA1 | 9.9 | UAGGGA |
NONO | 8.9 | AGGGA |
RNA Sequencing
editCCDC97 has very high ubiquitous expression in most human tissue types[17]. The highest levels of expression are found in the ovaries (RPKM 6.9), lymph node (RPKM 6.7), spleen (RPKM 6.2), appendix (RPKM 5.9), and endometrium (RPKM 5.3) when testis (RPKM 8.9) are excluded[18]
Protein
editPost-translational modifications that are predicted to occur for protein isoform 1 of CCDC97 are phosphorylation[19], sumoylation[20], and O-GalNAc glycosylation[21].
Conceptual Human Translation
editLocalization
editELM[22] found the most localization signals for the cytoplasm and the nucleus. PSORT II Prediction[23] predicted 43.5% of the CCDC97 protein to be located in the nucleus, 21.7% in the mitochondria, and 17.4% in the cytoplasm.
Tertiary Structure
editProtein Interactions
editCCDC97 protein isoform 1 has been found to interact with over 50 different proteins.[25]
Top predicted protein interactants for CCDC97 are SF3B6 (Splicing factor 3b subunit 6), SF3B5 (Splicing factor 3b subunit 5), SF3B1 (Splicing factor 3b subunit 1), SF3B3 (Splicing factor 3b subunit 3), SF3A1 (splicing factor 3a, subunit 1), ZRSR2 (zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine-rich 2) and TTC33 (tetratricopeptide repeat domain 33).[26] CCDC97 has also been predicted to notably interactant with MAPK14[27] (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), TIGD6[28] (tigger transposable element derived), and SRPK2[29] (SRSF protein kinase 2).
Clinical Significance
editHigh co-expressions of CCDC97 with Dual-Specificity Tyrosine-(Y)-Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 1B (DYRK1B) is associated with decreased rates of survival for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.[30] CCDC97 has also been found to be linked to Camurati-Engelmann Disease due to its proximity to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1).[31]
References
edit- ^ "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "InterPro entry on CCD97-like, C-terminal". InterPro.
- ^ "CCDC97 coiled-coil domain containing 97 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "CCDC97 orthologs". NCBI. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ Guey, Lin T.; García-Closas, Montserrat; Murta-Nascimento, Cristiane; Lloreta, Josep; Palencia, Laia; Kogevinas, Manolis; Rothman, Nathaniel; Vellalta, Gemma; Calle, M. Luz; Marenne, Gaëlle; Tardón, Adonina; Carrato, Alfredo; García-Closas, Reina; Serra, Consol; Silverman, Debra T. (February 2019). "Genetic Susceptibility to Distinct Bladder Cancer Subphenotypes". European Urology. 57 (2): 283–292. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2009.08.001. PMC 3220186. PMID 19692168.
- ^ "Homo sapiens gene CCDC97, encoding coiled-coil domain containing 97". AceView.
- ^ "CCDC97 Gene - Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 97". GeneCard.
- ^ "Expasy - Compute pI/Mw tool". web.expasy.org. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "SAPS". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "PaxD entry on CCDC97". PaxD.
- ^ "Motif Scan". myhits.sib.swiss. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "Alliance of Genome Resources". www.alliancegenome.org. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "Human hg38 chr19:41,309,673-41,310,813 UCSC Genome Browser v468". genome.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "JASPAR: An open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles". jaspar.elixir.no. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "miRDB - MicroRNA Target Prediction Database". mirdb.org. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "RBPDB: The database of RNA-binding specificities". rbpdb.ccbr.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ Santos, Alberto; Tsafou, Kalliopi; Stolte, Christian; Pletscher-Frankild, Sune; O’Donoghue, Seán I.; Jensen, Lars Juhl (2015-06-30). "Comprehensive comparison of large-scale tissue expression datasets". PeerJ. 3: e1054. doi:10.7717/peerj.1054. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4493645. PMID 26157623.
- ^ "CCDC97 coiled-coil domain containing 97 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". NCBI Gene- National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- ^ "GPS 6.0 - Kinase-specific Phosphorylation Site Prediction". gps.biocuckoo.cn. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "GPS-SUMO: Prediction of SUMOylation Sites & SUMO-interacting Motifs". sumo.biocuckoo.cn. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "NetOGlyc 4.0 - DTU Health Tech - Bioinformatic Services". services.healthtech.dtu.dk. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "ELM: The Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource for Functional Sites in Proteins". ELM.
- ^ "PSORT II results on CCDC97". PSORT II Prediction.
- ^ "I-Tasser Protein Structure and Function Prediction". Zhang Lab.
- ^ "PSICQUIC View". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ Huttlin, Edward L.; Bruckner, Raphael J.; Paulo, Joao A.; Cannon, Joe R.; Ting, Lily; Baltier, Kurt; Colby, Greg; Gebreab, Fana; Gygi, Melanie P.; Parzen, Hannah; Szpyt, John; Tam, Stanley; Zarraga, Gabriela; Pontano-Vaites, Laura; Swarup, Sharan (May 2017). "Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks". Nature. 545 (7655): 505–509. Bibcode:2017Natur.545..505H. doi:10.1038/nature22366. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 5531611. PMID 28514442.
- ^ Bandyopadhyay, Sourav; Chiang, Chih-yuan; Srivastava, Jyoti; Gersten, Merril; White, Suhaila; Bell, Russell; Kurschner, Cornelia; Martin, Christopher H; Smoot, Mike; Sahasrabudhe, Sudhir; Barber, Diane L; Chanda, Sumit K; Ideker, Trey (October 2010). "A human MAP kinase interactome". Nature Methods. 7 (10): 801–805. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1506. ISSN 1548-7091. PMC 2967489. PMID 20936779.
- ^ Hein, Marco; Hubner, Nina; Poser, Ina; Cox, Jürgen; Nagaraj, Nagarjuna; Toyoda, Yusuke; Gak, Igor; Weisswange, Ina; Mansfeld, Jörg; Buchholz, Frank; Hyman, Anthony; Mann, Matthias (October 2015). "A Human Interactome in Three Quantitative Dimensions Organized by Stoichiometries and Abundances". Cell. 163 (3): 712–723. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.053. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 26496610.
- ^ Varjosalo, Markku; Keskitalo, Salla; Van Drogen, Audrey; Nurkkala, Helka; Vichalkovski, Anton; Aebersold, Ruedi; Gstaiger, Matthias (April 2013). "The Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human CMGC Kinase Group". Cell Reports. 3 (4): 1306–1320. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.027. ISSN 2211-1247. PMID 23602568.
- ^ Chang, Chia-Che; Chiu, Chien-Chih; Liu, Pei-Feng; Wu, Chih-Hsuan; Tseng, Yen-Chiang; Lee, Cheng-Hsin; Shu, Chih-Wen (November 2021). "Kinome-Wide siRNA Screening Identifies DYRK1B as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells". Cancers. 13 (22): 5779. doi:10.3390/cancers13225779. PMC 8616396. PMID 34830933.
- ^ Tachmazidou, Ioanna; Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos; Southam, Lorraine; Esparza-Gordillo, Jorge; Haberland, Valeriia; Zheng, Jie; Johnson, Toby; Koprulu, Mine; Zengini, Eleni; Steinberg, Julia; Wilkinson, Jeremy M.; Bhatnagar, Sahir; Hoffman, Joshua D.; Buchan, Natalie; Süveges, Dániel; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura; Smith, George Davey; Gaunt, Tom R.; Scott, Robert A.; McCarthy, Linda C.; Zeggini, Eleftheria (February 2019). "Identification of new therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis through genome-wide analyses of UK Biobank data". Nature Genetics. 51 (2): 230–236. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0327-1. PMC 6400267. PMID 30664745.