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| Cabera subalba | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota
|
| Kingdom: | Animalia
|
| Subkingdom: | Eumetazoa
|
| Superphylum: | Ecdysozoa
|
| Phylum: | Arthropoda
|
| Subphylum: | Hexapoda
|
| Class: | Insecta
|
| Subclass: | Pterygota
|
| Infraclass: | Neoptera
|
| Superorder: | Panorpida
|
| Order: | Lepidoptera
|
| Suborder: | Glossata
|
| Infraorder: | Heteroneura
|
| Superfamily: | Geometroidea
|
| Family: | Geometridae
|
| Subfamily: | Ennominae
|
| Tribe: | Caberini
|
| Genus: | Cabera
|
| Series: | Cabera subabla
|
Cabera Subalba is a monophylectic group under the genus Cabera. These moths are widely distributed in the Palaearctic, Nearctic, Neotropic and Afrotropic regions, and a few in Indo-Australian regions.[1] However, it is absent in Australia itself.[2]
Description
editThese are medium sized Cabera species. The length of the forewing is 12-15 mm, and is broad and pointed. The hindwing resembles the forewing, but with a shorter point at anal angle.
The male has bipectinate antennae, however the fifth apical segment does not feature these setae. The longest rami is approximately six times the diameter of the shaft. The antennae in females, however, are filiform (thread-like). The labial palpi are short and ascending, approximately 1.5 times the diameter of its eyes. The females in this group are slightly larger than males, but there is no distinguishable sexual dimorphism in the markings on the wings.
The upperside of wings is violaceous-grey or brownish-grey, featuring fine darker grey striations. Occasionally, some areas of the wings are paler. The underside of the wings is significantly lighter than the upperside and has a violet tinge on a light grey base, finely striated with dark grey. A narrow to broad terminal shade is present along the edges, which is darker than the base violet-grey color . The forewing pattern constitutes of simple line arrangements. The basal and postmedian lines are relatively straight, while the median line is undulating and runs just before the discal spot. This spot varies, as it can be either black or white. The hindwing follows a similar pattern, but it differs on the basis of: absence of basal line; minute discal spots; spots encircled in either white or black.The cilia and the body vestiture are consistent in color with the wings.[3]
Male genitalia
editThe male genitlaia include a moderately long, setose uncus, having a knob-like apex at its end. There are very well-developed socii, arising from the dorsal region of the base of the uncus, while the gnathos is reduced. Its genital capsule is wide, elliptical and well-developed.
The tegumen and vinculum have almost equal length. There is a bold median suture, likely a synapomorphy for this group. There is a transtilla is present in all species, but is not very prominent. The valvae show strong elongation, distinctly separating into the costa and sacculus. Some species exhibit a medial swelling with little bristles, and the tip of the valvae bears a group of stout, short setae, which is also considered a synapomorphy.
The aedaegus is medium-sized and ranges from cylindrical to slightly spindle-shaped, having the vesica bearing one to five nail-like cornuti, at times accompanied by microcornuti. The pregenital abdomen shows no modifications in segment A8, which means no octavals are formed.[3]
Female genitalia
editThe female genitalia is elongated with its corpus busae extending throughout most of the abdomen. Its papillae anales[4] are sparsely setose, and the apophyses are long and thin, with exterior apophyses twice in length as the anterior ones. The bursa copulatrix is long, tubular, and weakly sclerotized (except posteriormost portion) with an imperceptible transition between ductus and corpus bursae. However, in C. nevillei, a broad sclerotized belt is found. The signum is absent.[3]
Habitat and distribution
editThe species is distributed across western Africa (Sao Tome and Principe, Guinea, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Cameroon), souther Africa (Zimbabwe, Mozambique), and the Malagasy subregion (Madagascar, Comoro Islands).[3]
Species
editThis group contains six species from the Cabera genus,[3] notable on the basis of their uniform appearance. They species included are as follows:
- Cabera subalba (Warren, 1901)
- Cabera limbata (Herbulot, 1954)
- Cabera toulgoeti (Herbulot, 1957)
- Cabera humbloti (Herbulot, 1978)
- Cabera nevillei
- Cabera nathaliae (Herbulot, 1991)
References
edit- ^ Holloway, J.D. (1994). "The moths of Borneo. Part 11, Geometridae, Ennominae". Malayan Nat. J. 11. 47. The Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur: 1–19, 593 figs.
- ^ Nielsen, E.S.; Edwards, E.D.; Rangsi, T.V. (1996). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol. 4. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. p. 529.
- ^ a b c d e Krüger, M. (2000). "A REVIEW OF THE AFROTROPICAL CABERA SUBALBA GROUP, WITH DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST SOUTHERN AFRICAN SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE: ENNOMINAE)". Metamorphosis. 11 (3). The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa: 111–121.
- ^ "Medical Definition of Anal papilla". RxList.