Wikipedia

Draft:Afghanistani

  • Comment: Please gain consensus a standalone article should exist at Talk:Afghans. Looking at the history of the redirect Afghanistani ([1]), this appears to be contentious (or at least was). S0091 (talk) 16:31, 24 June 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: This draft is a draft on a subtopic of an existing article, Afghans. Discussion as to whether a separate article for the subtopic is warranted should be on the talk page of the parent article, Talk:Afghans.
    Please discuss the suitability of creating a separate subtopic article on the talk page of the parent article. Please resubmit this draft if there is rough consensus at the parent talk page to create the child article, or with an explanation that the child draft satisfies either general notability on its own or a special notability guide. Robert McClenon (talk) 20:06, 23 June 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: Reviewers are requested to check the talk page before reviewing this draft. After discussion on my talk page, the draft creator has expressed their opinion on the draft talk page regarding the distinctiveness of the topic. Hitro talk 09:59, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

Afghanistani (Persian/Dari: افغانستانی) is an old term used as an identity marker for inhabitants of Afghanistan. The term "Afghanistani" refers to someone who identifies, or culturally relates to Afghanistan but not necessarily hold Afghanistan's citizenship.[1][2][3][4][5] Until 1960s, Afghanistani was a popular identity marker for everyone from Afghanistan. For instance, the New York Times used "Afghanistani" for former King Amanullah Khan while living in exile in Italy.[6][7] Recent anthropological work among immigrants from Afghanistan in Turkey shows that they have registered themselves as "Afghanistani."[8][9] The term Afghanistani has commonly been used for and among refugees and diasporas who obtained citizenship of another country and and yet claim transnational identity.[10][11][12][13] Recent scholarly work that deal with Afghanistani diaspora have also used the term "Afghanistani."[14][15][16][17][18][19] Early U.S. official documents have also used "Afghansitani."[20][21] Recently, Western newspapers have also been using Afghanistani in their titles and content.[22][23][24][25][26] Online English dictionaries have also added it as a term in their lexicon.[27][28][29][30]

History edit

Afghanistan has never been a nation-state or dawlat-e milli.[31][32] Due to its tumultuous history, it has often defined as failed-state.[33][34] The most recent efforts for nation-building was failed after the fall of the Afghanistan's republic.[35][36] "The Taliban’s exclusionary Pashtun-centered rule has turned highly repressive toward all forms of opposition. At the national level, it provides few job opportunities, let alone decisionmaking roles, for minorities and those associated with the fallen Afghan Republic."[37] The local groups and communities across Afghanistan have rather strong local and regional identification as a tribes or ethnic groups (Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek or others). For the past two centuries, Afghanistan rulers have tried to create a state that is represent Pashtuns.[38] Early efforts were made to create a strong centralized government based on a national identity of "Afghan," which privileged Pashtuns beyond their ethnic boundaries at state level as a whole.[39][40][41] In multiethnic Afghanistan, the term "Afghan" has traditionally been associated with Pashtun people. However, in the modern Afghanistan's constitution of 2004, it states that the word "Afghan" will be applied to all inhabitants of the country. Article 4 states, " The word Afghan shall apply to every citizen of Afghanistan."[42]

National identity edit

Afghanistan's early efforts to create a sort of national identity began in 1919, after receiving its independence from the Great Britain.[43] This was the time when Afghanistan completely regain control over its sovereignty.[44][45][46] After the fall of monarchy in 1973,[47] Mohammed Daoud Khan, a staunch partisan of Pashtunistan,[48] who saw the country not as Afghanistan but a Pashtunistan, a land uniting Pashtuns from NWFP and FATA with Afghanistan.[49][50][51] Despite implementing some social and educational progress,[52][53] he failed to create a national identity.[54] After the Saur Revolution, the central governments tried to advocate for a broader Afghan identity through the use of modern education, but their efforts met with limited success.[55] One of the most common hurdles for fostering a common national identity was the fact they ethnic groups such as Hazara, Uzbeks, or Tajiks could not identify with elements of an identity that had strong base in Pashtun ethnicity that ruled the country.[56][57][58]

References edit

  1. ^ "Afghanistani Definitions | What does afghanistani mean? | Best 2 Definitions of Afghanistani". www.yourdictionary.com. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  2. ^ "Afghanistani", Wiktionary, 2023-01-16, retrieved 2023-04-27
  3. ^ Bulut, Meryem; Şahin, Kadriye (2019-10-02). Anthropological Perspectives on Transnational Encounters in Turkey: War, Migration and Experiences of Coexistence. Transnational Press London. ISBN 978-1-912997-26-8.
  4. ^ Bezhan, Faridullah (2006). Afghanistani Storytelling and Writing: History, Performance and Forms. Monash Asia Institute. ISBN 978-1-876924-44-7.
  5. ^ Calendars, Country 2020 (2019-12-25). Made In Britain With Afghanistani Parts: Afghanistani 2020 Calender Gift For Afghanistani With There Heritage And Roots From Afghanistan. Independently Published. ISBN 978-1-6506-1917-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ "Ex-Afghanistani King Is III". The New York Times. 1959-09-10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  7. ^ "Afghanistani Premier Here; Will See Johnson Tuesday". The New York Times. 1967-03-26. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  8. ^ Bulut, Meryem; Şahin, Kadriye (2019-10-02). Anthropological Perspectives on Transnational Encounters in Turkey: War, Migration and Experiences of Coexistence. Transnational Press London. ISBN 978-1-912997-26-8.
  9. ^ "The New York Times - Search". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  10. ^ Calendars, Country 2020 (2019-12-25). Made In Britain With Afghanistani Parts: Afghanistani 2020 Calender Gift For Afghanistani With There Heritage And Roots From Afghanistan [check the title of this book, for instance]. Independently Published. ISBN 978-1-6506-1917-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Bezhan, Faridullah (2006). Afghanistani Storytelling and Writing: History, Performance and Forms [this book with title Afghanistani was published in 2006]. Monash Asia Institute. ISBN 978-1-876924-44-7.
  12. ^ "Afghanistani mother responds to pregnant Kiwi journalist's plea". 1 News. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
  13. ^ "راه‌حل‌های راهبردی برای پناهندگان افغانستانی [UNHCR Iran uses Afghanistani]". آژانس پناهندگان سازمان ملل در ایران (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-05-26.
  14. ^ Simmons, Alan N.; Matthews, Scott C.; Strigo, Irina A.; Baker, Dewleen G.; Donovan, Heather K.; Motezadi, Arame; Stein, Murray B.; Paulus, Martin P. (2011-10-12). "Altered amygdala activation during face processing in Iraqi and Afghanistani war veterans". Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders. 1 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/2045-5380-1-6. ISSN 2045-5380. PMC 3384263. PMID 22738183.
  15. ^ Bezhan, Faridullah (2008-09-01). "Obedient and resistant: Afghanistani women in Maryam Mahboob's short stories". Women's Studies International Forum. 31 (5): 373–382. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2008.08.002. ISSN 0277-5395.
  16. ^ Amiri, Lida (2020-01-15). Re-thinking World Literature and Diasporic Writing: The Case of Afghanistani Translingual Authors Khaled Hosseini and Atiq Rahimi (phd thesis). University of Liverpool.
  17. ^ Bezhan, Faridullah (January 2008). "Women and War in the Works of Two Female Afghanistani Writers". Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies. 17 (3): 309–325. doi:10.1080/10669920802405464. ISSN 1066-9922. S2CID 143941595.
  18. ^ Bezhan, Faridullah (2014-03-04). "Exile, gender and identity: the short stories of Afghanistani author Maryam Mahboob". Social Identities. 20 (2–3): 239–256. doi:10.1080/13504630.2014.936374. ISSN 1350-4630. S2CID 144647510.
  19. ^ Levendoğlu, M. Fuat, "AFGHANISTANI IMMIGRANTS SEEKING PEACE IN VAN", Anthropological Perspectives on Transnational Encounters in Turkey: War, Migration and Experiences of Coexistence, Transnational Press London, pp. 89–103, retrieved 2023-06-09
  20. ^ "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977–1980, Volume XII, Afghanistan - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  21. ^ NASA Technical Translation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1959.
  22. ^ "Afghanistani mother responds to pregnant Kiwi journalist's plea". 1 News. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  23. ^ "PODCAST: The Taliban and Women's Agency in the Works of Two Female Afghanistani Writers, Homaira Qaderi and Masuda Khazan". www.international.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  24. ^ "NZ Afghanistani broadcaster speaks out for those with 'no voice'". RNZ. 2022-02-01. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  25. ^ Afrouzeh, Ali; Sajjadi, Nasrollah; Hamidi, Mehrzad; Sadeghi, Rasoul (2021-03-01). "Afghanistani Refugees' Lived Experience of Sports Participation Barriers". Research on Educational Sport. doi:10.22089/res.2021.9631.1980. ISSN 2538-2721.
  26. ^ hansen, briana (2016-12-13). "This badass Afghanistani female rapper is using her voice to promote women's rights and just YES". HelloGiggles. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  27. ^ "Afghanistani", The Free Dictionary, retrieved 2023-06-09
  28. ^ "Afghanistani", Wiktionary, 2023-01-16, retrieved 2023-06-09
  29. ^ "Afghanistani". Vocabulary.com Dictionary. June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  30. ^ "Afghanistani Definition & Meaning | YourDictionary". www.yourdictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  31. ^ Entezar, Ehsan M. (2008-01-04). Afghanistan 101: Understanding Afghan Culture. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4535-0152-8.
  32. ^ A Different Kind of War: The United States Army in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM, October 2001 - September 2005. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-086914-3.
  33. ^ Ghani, Ashraf; Lockhart, Clare (2009). Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding a Fractured World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539861-8.
  34. ^ Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna (2020-02-06). "Afghanistan Ordinary state, failed state, or something else?". Journal of Modern Science. 43 (4): 101–117. doi:10.13166/jms/117976. ISSN 1734-2031. S2CID 212960582.
  35. ^ Nunan, Timothy (2021-08-24). "The End Of Nation-Building". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  36. ^ Gareth, Price (10 September 2021). "Why Afghan nation-building was always destined to fail".
  37. ^ Felbab-Brown, Vanda (2023-02-03). "Afghanistan in 2023: Taliban internal power struggles and militancy". Brookings. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  38. ^ Barfield, Thomas J. (2004-06-01). "Problems in establishing legitimacy in Afghanistan". Iranian Studies. 37 (2): 263–293. doi:10.1080/0021086042000268100. ISSN 0021-0862. S2CID 159753726.
  39. ^ Bearden, Bill (June 2000). "Washington awards contracts for Federal ID cards". Card Technology Today. 12 (6): 2. doi:10.1016/s0965-2590(00)06002-3. ISSN 0965-2590.
  40. ^ "Afghanistan's identity crisis erupts on social media". The National. 2018-02-21. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  41. ^ Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna (2020-02-06). "Afghanistan Ordinary state, failed state, or something else?". Journal of Modern Science. 43 (4): 101–117. doi:10.13166/jms/117976. ISSN 1734-2031. S2CID 212960582.
  42. ^ . 2011-05-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20110531153703/http://www.supremecourt.gov.af/PDFiles/constitution2004_english.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2023-05-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  43. ^ Hyman, Anthony (1984-06-01). Afghanistan Under Soviet Domination, 1964-83. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-17443-0.
  44. ^ Gullette, David; Croix, Jeanne Féaux de la (2017-10-02). Everyday Energy Politics in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Citizens' Needs, Entitlements and Struggles for Access. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30253-7.
  45. ^ Silverstein, Jordana; Stevens, Rachel (2021-02-04). Refugee Journeys: Histories of Resettlement, Representation and Resistance. ANU Press. ISBN 978-1-76046-419-6.
  46. ^ Green, Nile (2017). Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-29413-4.
  47. ^ Kakar, Hasan (1978). "The Fall of the Afghan Monarchy in 1973". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 9 (2): 195–214. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000064. ISSN 0020-7438. JSTOR 162372. S2CID 130975353.
  48. ^ Breuilly, John (2013-03-07). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-920919-4.
  49. ^ Lieven, Anatol (2012-03-06). Pakistan: A Hard Country. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-61039-162-7.
  50. ^ Dutt, Sagarika; Bansal, Alok (2013-06-17). South Asian Security: 21st Century Discourses. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-61767-6.
  51. ^ Breuilly, John (2013-03-07). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-920919-4.
  52. ^ "Mohammad Daoud as Prime Minister, 1953-63". 2021-08-30. Archived from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  53. ^ "Mohammad Daud Khan | prime minister of Afghanistan | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  54. ^ Kakar, Hasan (1978). "The Fall of the Afghan Monarchy in 1973". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 9 (2): 195–214. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000064. ISSN 0020-7438. JSTOR 162372. S2CID 130975353.
  55. ^ An Afghan dilemma : education, gender and globalization in an Islamic context / Pia Karlsson & Amir Mansory. University of Arizona Libraries. 2007. doi:10.2458/azu_acku_lc910_a3_k37_2007.
  56. ^ Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna (2020-02-06). "Afghanistan Ordinary state, failed state, or something else?". Journal of Modern Science. 43 (4): 101–117. doi:10.13166/jms/117976. ISSN 1734-2031. S2CID 212960582.
  57. ^ Education and Afghan society in the twentieth century / Saif R. Samady. University of Arizona Libraries. 2001. doi:10.2458/azu_acku_pamphlet_la1081_s36_2001.
  58. ^ "Events of 1288/March 1871–March 1872". History of Afghanistan. doi:10.1163/9789004256064_hao_com_000209. Retrieved 2022-05-02.

External Link edit

Afghanistan-International: Afghanistani Poets Outside Afghanistan

Category:Afghanistan Category:National identity cards Category:Nationalism in Afghanistan

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