Dictyophorus spumans, the koppie foam grasshopper or rooibaadjie, is a species of grasshopper in the family Pyrgomorphidae indigenous to southern Africa. The name "foaming grasshopper" derives from the insect's ability to produce a toxic foam from its thoracic glands.[2] Its genus Dictyophorus is closely related to Phymateus.
| Dictyophorus spumans | |
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| Adult above, nymph below both D. s. spumans in Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden, South Africa | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Pyrgomorphidae |
| Genus: | Dictyophorus |
| Species: | D. spumans
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| Binomial name | |
| Dictyophorus spumans (Thunberg, 1787)
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| Synonyms | |
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Adult males are typically 4.5–5 cm (1.8–2.0 in) long and females typically 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in),[3] but can grow up to a length of 8 cm (3.1 in).[4] The neck shield has a warty surface, and the grasshopper's colors are highly variable but usually with at least parts that are contrasting and bright. It is toxic due to the poisons that it sequesters from its diet, which includes a large number of toxic and distasteful plants such as milkweed.[4]
Subspecies edit
- D. s. subsp. spumans – South Africa
- D. s. subsp. ater – northern South Africa and Zimbabwe
- D. s. subsp. pulchra – eastern South Africa and Mozambique
- D. s. subsp. servillei – southern Africa
- D. s. subsp. calceata – southern Africa
Gallery edit
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Eating Aloe flowers -
Mating, note size difference -
Dorsal view of D. s. spumans -
Side view of D. s. spumans -
D. s. pulchra -
Ventral view -
Releasing toxic foam from thoracic glands
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References edit
- ^ Googlebooks
- ^ Whitehouse, Christopher (6 October 2015). "Foaming Grasshoppers". Phillipskop Mountain Reserve. Phillipskop Discovery Trails (Pty) Ltd. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
- ^ Whitman, D.; Vincent, S. (2008). "Large size as an antipredator defense in an insect". Journal of Orthoptera Research. 17 (2): 353–371. doi:10.1665/1082-6467-17.2.353.
- ^ a b Mike Picker, Charles Griffiths & Alan Weaving (2004). Field guide to insects of South Africa. Struik. ISBN 978-1-77007-061-5.
Media related to Dictyophorus spumans at Wikimedia Commons