The Desulfobacteraceae are a family of Thermodesulfobacteriota. They reduce sulfates to sulfides to obtain energy and are strictly anaerobic. They have a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Some species are chemolithotrophic and use inorganic materials to obtain energy and use hydrogen as their electron donor.

Desulfobacteraceae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Myxococcota
Order: Desulfobacterales
Family: Desulfobacteraceae
Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2006
Genera

Biology and biochemistry

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Morphology

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Desulfobacteraceae vary widely in shape and size across the family. Desulfofaba are straight or slightly curved rods that range in size from 0.8 to 2.1 x 3.2-6.1 μm. Those in the genus Desulfobacterium are spherical or oval shaped and somewhat smaller, ranging in size from 0.9 to 1.3 x 1.5-3.0 μm or 1.5-2.0 x 2.0-2.5 μm. They stain Gram-negative and are not known to produce spores. Some species contain a single polar flagellum used for motility.

Genus and species of Desulfobacteraceae may only be definitively distinguished by analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, but certain genera may be determined through physiological characteristics alone. Desulfofrigus displays an optimal growth rate at very low temperatures compared to other sulfate reducing bacteria. It is also unable to grow in the presence of propionate.

Metabolism

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Most species of Desulfobacteraceae use sulfur compounds as their main energy source. The most common source used is sulfate which, through metabolic processes, is reduced to sulfide. In an environment with little or no sulfate, sulfite or elemental sulfur may also be used and reduced into sulfide. In rare cases nitrate may also be used as a food source and reduced into ammonia. They have very efficient sulfate reduction rates (between 12 and 423 mu mol/dm3 day−1) in optimal conditions.[1]

Habitat

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Desulfobacteraceae may be found in a range of locations but are most often found in saline and hypersaline waters including salt lakes and the ocean. They have also been found in polar ice in Antarctica. They may be found trapped within ice, floating within the water column, or living on or in other organisms such as sea sponges.[2]

Phylogeny

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The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[3] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[4]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[5][6][7] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[8][9][10]
Desulforegulaceae

Desulforegula Rees & Patel 2001

Desulfofabaceae

Desulfofaba Knoblauch, Sahm & Jorgensen 1999

Desulfatiferula Cravo-Laureau et al. 2007

Desulfofaba fastidiosa

Desulfolunaceae

Desulfofrigus Knoblauch, Sahm & Jorgensen 1999

Desulfoluna Suzuki et al. 2008

Desulfobacteraceae

Desulfocella Brandt, Patel & Ingvorsen 1999

Desulfobotulus Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2009

Desulforapulum Galushko & Kuever 2021

Desulfocicer Galushko & Kuever 2021

Desulfoconvexum Konneke et al. 2013

Desulfobacula Rabus et al. 2000

Desulfospira Finster, Liesack & Tindall 1997

Desulfotignum Kuever et al. 2001

Desulfobacter Widdel 1981

See also

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References

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Notes
  1. ^ "Web of Science [v.5.19] - All Databases Full Record". apps.webofknowledge.com. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  2. ^ Ahn, Young-Beom; Kerkhof, Lee J.; Häggblom, Max M. (2009-09-01). "Desulfoluna spongiiphila sp. nov., a dehalogenating bacterium in the Desulfobacteraceae from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (Pt 9): 2133–2139. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.005884-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 19605712.
  3. ^ A.C. Parte; et al. "Desulfobacteraceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  4. ^ Sayers; et al. "Desulfobacteraceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  5. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  6. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  7. ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  9. ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
Sources
  • Foti, M., D. Y. Sorokin, B. Lomans, M. Mussman, E. E. Zacharova, N. V. Pimenov, J. G. Kuenen, and G. Muyzer. "Diversity, Activity, and Abundance of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Saline and Hypersaline Soda Lakes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73.7 (2007): 2093–100.
  • Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6.
  • Purcell, Alicia M. et al. “Microbial Sulfur Transformations in Sediments from Subglacial Lake Whillans.” Frontiers in Microbiology 5 (2014): 594. PMC. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.