The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a musical with music and lyrics by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz. It is adapted from Walt Disney Animation Studios 1996 film of the same name, which in turn was based on the 1831 novel of the same name by Victor Hugo. The musical premiered in 1999 in Berlin as Der Glöckner von Notre Dame, with a book by James Lapine. It was produced by Disney Theatrical Productions, being the company's first musical to premiere outside the United States. It ran for three years, becoming one of Berlin's longest-running musicals.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame | |
---|---|
![]() Artwork from the 2017 Berlin production | |
Music | Alan Menken |
Lyrics | Stephen Schwartz |
Book |
|
Basis | |
Productions |
|
The English-language version, with a revised book by Peter Parnell, had its debut at La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego, California on October 28, 2014 and ran until December 7, 2014.[1] Subsequently, the show went on to open on March 4, 2015 at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, New Jersey, with more changes in the libretto.[2] The show closed on April 5, 2015, after it was announced that it would not move to Broadway.[3]
The musical is notably darker and thematically closer to the source material than the animated film, with composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz repurposing and rewriting several songs to match the original tone of the Hugo novel.[4]
History
editBackground (1996–1999)
editIn 1996, Walt Disney Animation Studios created an animated film adaption of Victor Hugo's novel of the same name. It received generally positive reviews and did reasonably well at the box office. Disney on Broadway, the stage play arm of the Disney Corporation, had staged successful versions of Beauty and the Beast in 1994 and The Lion King in 1997. Disney wanted to move The Lion King to Berlin.
Der Glöckner von Notre Dame (1999–2002)
editFor a long time, Berlin Theatre (now Theater am Potsdamer Platz) was in talks to stage The Lion King, but after those negotiations fell through, Disney offered The Hunchback of Notre Dame instead.[5] This project, announced by Stella Entertainment on March 18, 1998, saw the stage musical-producing market leader of Germany depart from its tradition of only importing shows which had proven to be successful on Broadway.[5] Originally rehearsed in English, then retaught in German, the musical opened on June 5, 1999 at Berlin.[6] After a successful run – where 1.4 million visitors saw the play over 1204 performances[7] – it closed in June 2002.[8]
Directed by Lapine, the German translation was by Michael Kunze, choreography by Lar Lubovitch, set design by Heidi Ettinger, costume design by Sue Blane, lighting by Rick Fisher, sound by Tony Meola and projections by Jerome Sirlin.[9][10] The production cost 45 million marks to produce,[11] much of which was subsidised by state funds.[12] The production featured forty-two actors from six different nations.[13] Nine new songs were written for this version.[13] This was Disney's first musical to premiere outside the US,[8] and it became one of Berlin's longest-running musicals to date. As with Beauty and the Beast and The Lion King, Der Glöckner Von Notre Dame opened three years after the release of the movie on which it is based.
Intermediate period (2002–2013)
editDer Glöckner von Notre Dame was an isolated show, i.e., it only played in one German theatre and was not licensable to other companies. The musical was not staged again in this format for many years, however adaptations of the 1996 film The Hunchback of Notre Dame could be seen in various productions around Disney theme parks and cruises.
In 2008, lyricist Stephen Schwartz revealed, "I think we're starting up Hunchback of Notre Dame, hopefully, next year."[14] In a November 2010 interview, composer Alan Menken confirmed that he was working on an American production, and that they would use James Lapine's book.[15] On January 9, 2013, it was announced that the musical would finally be produced for a Broadway performance with a new book by Peter Parnell and new songs by Menken and Schwartz, who did the songs for the movie and the original musical.[16] In April 2013, the very first English adaptation of Der Glöckner von Notre Dame was staged by the Fine Arts Department of The King's Academy Sports & Fine Arts Center in West Palm Beach, Florida.[17] According to The King's Academy, Walt Disney Productions personally selected them to adapt and premiere the work,[18] and received a license to stage the English version, noting that Disney was workshopping this musical for a possible run on Broadway.[19] The King's Academy collaborated with Disney Executive Studios.[20] Their director, David Snyder, helped Disney cast talent for the new show.[19] This version did not include all the songs from Der Glöckner von Notre Dame, and excludes the deaths of Esmeralda and Frollo. While being an amateur production, it is notable as the first English staging of the musical, rather than a translation of the film.
At the D23 expo, which took place on August 9–11, 2013, Josh Strickland performed the first official English version of a new song written for the stage musical version, Made of Stone.[21]
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (2014–present)
editThe Hunchback of Notre Dame had a workshop in February 2014, and its North American premiere at La Jolla Playhouse on October 28, 2014 and ran through December 7, 2014, directed by Scott Schwartz.[22] The production featured Sacra-Profana, a local 32-voice chorus, appearing onstage during the entire show.[23] The La Jolla Playhouse production transferred to the Paper Mill Playhouse with the 19 person core cast with three new cast members Jeremy Stolle, Dashaun Young, and Joseph J. Simeone, (replacing San Diego locals Brian Smolin, William Thomas Hodgson, and Lucas Coleman respectively) with a new choir local to New Jersey, the Continuo Arts Symphonic Chorus from March 4 through April 5, 2015,[24][25] after which it was announced the show would not move to Broadway, but it was never officially planned to transfer. The structure of the show was finalized (with one song, Agnus Dei being cut from the show) and turned into a licensable work.
2016–17 saw the first wave of US regional theatres to produce the musical; one theatre (Music Theatre Wichita) received a $10,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Arts to financially aid the production.[26] In December 2017 the show finally got its New York debut with its NY Regional Premiere at the White Plains Performing Arts Center and opened to outstanding reviews.
An adaption of the musical, debuted in 2016 at the Music Circus in Sacramento, embraced the novel's assertion that Quasimodo had become deaf after constantly ringing bells all his life by incorporating sign language into the show. Deaf actor John McGinty was cast as Quasimodo,[27] with a surrogate singer (one of the Notre Dame saints, played by Jim Hogan) singing Quasimodo's songs while McGinty signed.[28]
A Japanese production opened in 2016 at the Shiki Theatre Company which is one of the largest theatres in all of Japan.[29] The production opened in 2016 and released their cast album in 2017.[30] Unlike the 1999 German cast, this production is a direct translation of the current revision of the Disney production translated into Japanese. No songs or scenes have been changed outside of translation.
In April 2017, a new German production based on the reworked US stagings opened at the Theater des Westens in Berlin.[31] After closing in Berlin, the musical moved to Munich and Stuttgart.[32]
A production featured an intimate rotating cast of 18 (with no additional choir), and reduced orchestrations with the cast playing their own instruments. The production was directed by Nicholas Wainwright at The University Of The Arts in December 2017; making its Center City premiere in Philadelphia.[33]
Another production was a staging done outdoors in the amphitheater at Tuacahn Center for the Arts, which was performed from July 29-October 15, 2016.[34]
The show was performed for the first time in the UK at The Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama by the Richard Burton Company in 2019, directed by Graham Gill.[35]
The National Youth Music Theatre (NYMT) staged the first production of the show in England at Manchester Cathedral in August of 2021.[36][37]
Captivate Theatre staged the first Scottish production of the show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2023.[38]
OSMaD staged the first Victorian production of the show in Australia at the Geoffrey McComas Theatre in 2023.[39][40]
Due to union restrictions regarding the inclusion of the choir and the profitability for Disney from licensing to local productions, the musical has never been staged on Broadway, which has garnered some criticism.[citation needed]
Plot
editDer Glöckner von Notre Dame
Extended content
|
---|
Act One In 1482 Paris, Clopin, an elderly gypsy beggar, narrates the origin of the titular hunchback ("Die Glocken Notre Dames" – "The Bells of Notre Dame"). The story begins as a group of gypsies sneak illegally into Paris, but are ambushed by Judge Claude Frollo, the Minister of Justice of Paris, and his soldiers. A gypsy woman in the group attempts to flee with her deformed baby, but Frollo chases and kills her outside Notre Dame. He tries to kill the baby as well, but the cathedral's archdeacon intervenes and accuses Frollo of murdering an innocent woman. To atone for his sin, Frollo reluctantly agrees to raise the deformed child in Notre Dame as his son, naming him Quasimodo. Twenty years later, in 1502, Quasimodo develops into a kind yet isolated young man who dreams of seeing life outside the bell tower. Due to his loneliness, Quasimodo's mind created imaginary friends: a trio of gargoyles named Charles, Antoine and Loni. Despite Frollo's warnings that he would be shunned for his deformity, the gargoyles urge him to disobey Frollo, ("Zuflucht" – "Sanctuary") and Quasimodo decides to go out for just one day ("Draußen" – "Out There"). While the Parisians continue their preparations for a festival, the gypsies prepare to attend the festival in their hideout, the Court of Miracles ("Tanz auf dem Seil" – "Balancing Act"). Their attention is taken by a newcomer, a young gypsy dancer named Esmeralda. Meanwhile, Phoebus of Frollo's guard arrives in Paris excited about his new promotion as its captain ("Ein bisschen Freude" – "Rest and Recreation"). He flirts with a young girl but is suddenly interrupted by a fleeing gypsy accused of theft. The gypsy pleads innocence, but Frollo arrives and orders his soldiers to arrest the gypsy. Frollo tells Phoebus that the city has become overrun by gypsies and that he plans to find the Court of Miracles and eliminate them all. As the festival begins ("Drunter drüber" – "Topsy Turvy"), Quasimodo attends it and he is celebrated for his bizarre appearance, only to be humiliated by the crowd after Frollo's men start a riot. Frollo refuses to help Quasimodo, but Esmeralda intervenes, frees the hunchback, and uses a magic trick to disappear. Frollo confronts and scolds Quasimodo before sending him back inside the cathedral. Phoebus refuses to arrest Esmeralda for alleged witchcraft inside Notre Dame and has her confined to the cathedral. Esmeralda, encouraged by the Archdeacon, offers a prayer to God to help her and the other outcasts ("Hilf den Verstoß'nen" – "God Help the Outcasts"). Meanwhile, Frollo orders Phoebus to post a guard at every door to ensure that Esmeralda does not escape. Esmeralda finds and befriends Quasimodo to the bell tower and is captivated by the view of the city ("Hoch über der Welt" – "On Top of the World"). Quasimodo helps her escape Notre Dame out of gratitude for defending him. Esmeralda entrusts Quasimodo with a pendant containing a map to the Court of Miracles. Quasimodo expresses his feelings, as he has been touched by Esmeralda's kindness ("Das Licht des Himmels" – "Heaven's Light"). Meanwhile, Frollo soon develops lustful feelings for Esmeralda and, upon realizing them, he begs the Virgin Mary to save him from her "spell" to avoid eternal damnation ("Das Feuer der Hölle" – "Hellfire"). After discovering that Esmeralda escaped, Frollo instigates a citywide manhunt for her, which involves setting fire to countless houses in his way. Phoebus is appalled by Frollo's evil reputation and defies him. Frollo sentences him to death. Phoebus is briefly struck by an arrow and falls into the Seine but Esmeralda rescues him. ("Finale Act 1"/"Esmeralda"). Act Two The soldiers continue searching the city ("Trommeln in der Stadt" – "City Under Siege"). Esmeralda tells Phoebus to seek refuge at Notre Dame while she returns to the Court of Miracles. Meanwhile, the gargoyles convince Quasimodo that Esmeralda finds him romantically intriguing, and they reassure him about her safety ("Ein Mann wie du" – "A Guy Like You"). The Archdeacon brings Phoebus to the bell tower and Phoebus, knowing Quasimodo to be a friend of Esmeralda's, asks Quasimodo to hide him. Frollo returns to Notre Dame later that night and discovers that Quasimodo helped Esmeralda escape. He bluffs to Quasimodo, saying that he knows about the Court of Miracles and that he intends to attack at dawn. After Frollo leaves, Phoebus comes out of hiding and asks Quasimodo to help him find the Court of Miracles and warn Esmeralda. Quasimodo refuses to leave the cathedral again, but Phoebus and the gargoyles teach Quasimodo the value of devotion and selflessness ("Weil du liebst" – "Out of Love"). Using Esmeralda's amulet as their guide, Quasimodo and Phoebus find the Court of Miracles to warn the gypsies. Esmeralda and Phoebus decide to leave the city together while Quasimodo, heartbroken, watches Esmeralda leave with the man she truly loves ("Weil du liebst" – "Out of Love" (Reprise)). However, Frollo, having followed the two, captures the gypsies present. Esmeralda rejects Frollo's advances of becoming his mistress. Tied up in the bell tower, Quasimodo refuses to help and tells the gargoyles to leave him ("Wie aus Stein" – "Made of Stone"). As dawn approaches, Esmeralda awaits her execution in the dungeon with Phoebus, hoping that one day the world will be a better place ("Einmal" – "Someday"). Frollo prepares to burn Esmeralda at the stake, but Quasimodo rescues her and brings her to the cathedral. Phoebus then frees himself and the gypsies and rallies the citizens of Paris against Frollo and his men, who attempt to break into the cathedral. Quasimodo calls upon the saints and the gargoyles before pouring molten lead onto the streets to ensure no one enters, but Frollo himself successfully breaks in. In the cathedral, Esmeralda thanks Quasimodo for being a good friend and dies from smoke inhalation. Frollo arrives and, after asking Quasimodo if she is dead, tells the hunchback that they are finally free of her poison. Encouraged by Antoine, Quasimodo throws Frollo to his death in the molten lead. The gargoyles comfort Quasimodo and tell him the world is full of good as well as evil. The citizens watch as Quasimodo carries Esmeralda's body through the square with Phoebus by his side. Clopin appears again and asks what makes a monster and what makes a man ("Finale Ultimo" – "Grand Finale"). |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Extended content
|
---|
Act One
Many years ago, orphaned brothers Jehan and Claude Frollo were taken in at Notre Dame. Jehan grew to be mischievous while Claude remained pious. After Jehan was caught with a gypsy woman, he was expelled from Notre Dame. Frollo eventually became the archdeacon of Notre Dame. One day, Frollo received a letter from Jehan; the two met in secret, where Jehan, on his deathbed, gave Frollo his deformed baby before dying. As Frollo prepared to kill the child, he suddenly felt as he was being tested by God. Thus, he instead saved the child, naming it Quasimodo, or "half-formed", and raising it in Notre Dame ("The Bells of Notre Dame"). In the present day (in the year 1542), Quasimodo is now a young man, made partially deaf by a lifetime of ringing Notre Dame's bells. He talks to Notre Dame's statues of saints and gargoyles about his desire to go to the Feast of Fools. Frollo arrives and asks him who he is speaking to, reminding him that the stone statues cannot talk. They recite the biblical story of the Flight into Egypt, after which Frollo complains about Paris's gypsies and the Feast of Fools ("Sanctuary Part I"). Quasimodo offers to protect him outside; Frollo declines, warning him that he would be shunned if he were to go out in public ("Sanctuary Part II"). Quasimodo sings to himself, yearning to spend one day outside Notre Dame ("Out There"). In the streets of Paris, the Feast of Fools begins, led by Clopin, the gypsy king ("Topsy Turvy Part I"). Meanwhile, Captain Phoebus, the new head of Notre Dame's Cathedral Guard, arrives in Paris from the front lines. Frollo welcomes him, telling him they must rid the city of gypsies ("Rest and Recreation"). Clopin introduces Esmeralda, a gypsy dancer ("Rhythm of the Tambourine")—Quasimodo, Frollo, and Phoebus are all entranced by her. After that, Clopin holds a contest to crown the King of Fools, the ugliest person in Paris. Encouraged by Esmeralda, Quasimodo enters, immediately winning the contest ("Topsy Turvy Part II") before being humiliated by the crowd. Esmeralda rescues Quasimodo with a magic trick before Frollo intervenes. He scolds Quasimodo; the two return to Notre Dame, followed by Esmeralda ("Sanctuary Part III"). Frollo finds Esmeralda, confronting her; after a brief argument, he relents, allowing her to stay. Esmeralda prays to God to help the less fortunate ("God Help the Outcasts"). Phoebus finds Esmeralda; they argue, Phoebus telling her not to fight unwinnable battles, to which she retorts that she cannot help it. Esmeralda heads to the bell tower, finding Quasimodo there. The two quickly befriend each other ("Top of the World"), Quasimodo ringing the bells of Notre Dame for her. Frollo runs up to the tower, angry at Quasimodo for ringing the bells at the wrong time. He is shocked by Esmeralda's presence, thinking she had left. He offers her shelter so he may save her soul, but she rejects his offer, saying that she sees the way Frollo looks at her. This infuriates Frollo, who orders Phoebus to escort her from Notre Dame and arrest her if she sets foot in it again. Frollo warns Quasimodo that Esmeralda is a dangerous person sent from Hell and to ignore any lustful feelings he may feel towards her. Yet, having developed such feelings for Esmeralda himself, Frollo roams the streets nightly, one night discovering Esmeralda, Clopin and multiple other gypsies partying with Phoebus; he is unable to look away as Esmeralda dances and kisses Phoebus ("Tavern Song (Thai Mol Piyas)"). Meanwhile, in the bell tower, Quasimodo reflects on seeing couples in love from his tower and how he never thought himself worthy of love until meeting Esmeralda ("Heaven's Light"). Frollo prays, begging the Virgin Mary to save him by either condemning Esmeralda to Hell or giving her to him ("Hellfire"). The next day, he approaches King Louis XI asking for special powers to stop a 'gypsy witch' to protect Paris, which he is granted. With his new powers, he instigates a citywide manhunt for Esmeralda which leads him to a brothel known for hiding gypsies. When the brothel's owner claims ignorance, Frollo orders Phoebus to burn the brothel down, an order which Phoebus defies. As Frollo orders Phoebus's arrest, Esmeralda appears; a fight breaks loose. Amidst the commotion, Frollo stabs Phoebus and frames Esmeralda for it; she uses a magic trick to escape. Frollo continues the hunt, while Quasimodo grows increasingly worried about Esmeralda's whereabouts ("Esmeralda"). Act Two Esmeralda returns to Notre Dame, asking Quasimodo to hide the injured Phoebus. She gives Quasimodo a woven band and leaves. Inspired by the story of Saint Aphrodisius and encouraged by the saints, Quasimodo deciphers the woven band as a map and resolves to help her ("Flight into Egypt"). Frollo returns to Notre Dame, asking Quasimodo where Esmeralda is; Quasimodo responds that he doesn't know. Frollo appears to accept this, before a guard informs Frollo that they know where Esmeralda is. Frollo tells Quasimodo that they will now be successful in capturing Esmeralda and leaves ("Esmeralda (Reprise)"). Using the map, Quasimodo and Phoebus go to warn the gypsies ("Rest and Recreation (Reprise)"). Initially, the gypsies attempt to kill the two, but they are saved by Esmeralda. ("Court of Miracles"). The two tell the gypsies Frollo will attack at dawn. The gypsies prepare to leave; Phoebus asks Esmeralda to go with her, the two expressing their love for each other as Quasimodo looks on, heartbroken ("Heaven's Light (Reprise)/In a Place of Miracles"). Frollo suddenly enters, having followed Quasimodo, and arrests all present—only Clopin manages to escape. Frollo has the guards lock Quasimodo in the bell tower. Frollo visits Esmeralda, telling her that he can save her if she accepts being with him. When Esmeralda refuses, he threatens Phoebus' life and attempts to rape her ("Sanctuary (Reprise)"). He halts when Esmeralda cries out in protest, allowing her to have a final conversation with Phoebus. Phoebus pleads for her to accept Frollo's offer to save herself, which Esmeralda refuses to do. They yearn together for a better future ("Someday"). Meanwhile, in the bell tower, the statues encourage Quasimodo to free himself and save Esmeralda; Quasimodo angrily denounces them, declaring that he will remain stoic until he dies ("Made of Stone"). At dawn, Esmeralda is tied to a pyre outside Notre Dame. Frollo sentences her to death, offering her one last chance to save herself, which she angrily rejects. He orders her pyre to be lit. Quasimodo swings down on a rope from the bell tower and takes Esmeralda back to Notre Dame, invoking Notre Dame's status as a sanctuary in an appeal for protection. Frollo orders the Cathedral Guard to retake the church by force. Clopin frees Phoebus, after which the two rally the people of Paris to fight against the guards. However, the guards still manage to break in. Quasimodo dumps the molten lead used for fixing the bells onto the guards to stop them. Esmeralda thanks Quasimodo for being a good friend before dying from smoke inhalation. Frollo enters and asks Quasimodo if she is dead, which he broken-heartedly confirms. Relieved, Frollo tells Quasimodo that they are finally free of her poison. Quasimodo angrily throws Frollo off the tower of Notre Dame to his death. Devastated, Quasimodo realizes that everyone he has ever loved is now dead. Phoebus arrives, finding out about Esmeralda's death. Phoebus tries to carry her body away but is unable to due to his injuries. Quasimodo then carries Esmeralda away. Years later, two skeletons are discovered in the crypts of Notre Dame, one holding the other in its arms – the former has a woven band around its neck and the other has a crooked spinal column. When it was attempted to detach the two, the latter crumbles to dust. The company finally addresses the audience with a question asked at the beginning of the show—"What makes a monster and what makes a man?" ("Finale"). |
Music
editDer Glöckner von Notre Dame
Extended content
| ||
---|---|---|
An original cast recording was recorded in German.[42] Instrumentation
|
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Extended content
| ||
---|---|---|
Instrumentation
|
Design and themes
editDer Glöckner von Notre Dame
Alan Menken noted that "some songs complement the original composition of the film" while "others are very different from the film compositions and extend the musical spectrum", making a special mention of a song in Act II which was inspired by traditional Roma music.[45] Translator Michael Kunze "campaign[ed] to allow Esmeralda to die at the end, as she does in the book. There was a feeling that the audience would be depressed if Esmeralda dies. I feel that a European audience would see this as a very romantic ending ... two lost souls finally find each other. People will cry, but they'll be moved."[46] The producers wanted to see how preview audiences reacted before making the final decision.[46] The set for the production utilized many large hydraulically controlled boxes that can be placed at any height, onto which projections were used in every scene for scenery and effects.[47] The finale of act one shows Phoebus' plummet from a bridge over the Seine after being shot by an arrow.[41]
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
"These characters all come together, all with purpose, all trying to do the right thing facing extraordinary obstacles... We don't offer a solution, but we go to this place that you or others may call dark, that I would call life."
Thomas Schumacher, interview with State of the Arts NJ for the 2015 Paper Mill Playhouse production of Hunchback.[48]
The style of the show is a "Victor Hugo adaption with the score of Disney's Hunchback."[49] "The Bells of Notre Dame" is rewritten to include Frollo's past as a priest as well as his relationship with his brother Jehan before becoming the cathedral's archdeacon. The gargoyles, Victor, Hugo, and Laverne (Charles, Antoine, and Loni in the Berlin production), who are the comic relief in the 1996 movie, are cut. Quasimodo speaks with a "strangled slur", rather than his pure voice in the movie. He relies on a form of sign language that he has invented, and while he is unable to articulate, the statues of Notre Dame serve as figments of his imagination, which provide insight into his thoughts and attitudes as a Greek chorus.[50] Some of the original characters from the novel are added, as well as songs such as "The Tavern Song", "Rhythm of the Tambourine," "Flight into Egypt" and "In a Place of Miracles." The musical relies on a series of musical leitmotifs, which are reprised either instrumentally or vocally. Each of the central characters has a theme ("Out There" for Quasimodo, "God Help the Outcasts" for Esmeralda, "Hellfire" for Frollo, and "Rest and Recreation" for Phoebus). "The Bells of Notre Dame" acts as a narrative device to tell parts of the story. Thomas Schumacher, president of the Walt Disney Theatrical, noted that the English adaption of the musical embraced the darker elements of the original source material by Victor Hugo.[51] After Michael Arden, who played the role of Quasimodo in this version, read the book and discovered that Quasimodo is actually deaf from bell-ringing, he incorporated this aspect into his character, including a sign language-based form of communication. He had to selectively choose the moments to forgo the ailment in order to sing, such as moments when Quasimodo is alone; from his perspective he does not see his deformities.[52] Michael Arden said of his part that he would retire from the role in future incarnations of the show.[53] The ending was proposed by director Scott Schwartz, who turned to the original source material for inspiration; it was inserted during tech rehearsals for the Papermill staging.[54] According to Thomas W. Douglas, musical director of a 2017 adaption at MTW, the musical may leave the audience feeling thoughtful and pensive, rather than compelling them to stand up and cheer, due to the story's moral ambiguity and complexity.[26] The theme of the play, according to Kyoto Quasimodo actor Akitaka Tanaka (田中 彰孝, Tanaka Akitaka), is of how to behave when in contact with others different from ourselves.[55][56] Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz felt that having a live choir on stage was integral in achieving the full-bodied sound they had crafted for the film; in addition James Lapine gave them his blessing in tinkering with his book for the new production.[54]
The Hunchback of Notre Dame Shiki Theatre
The First Japanese production worked to closely replicate the set design and choreography of the original American production. The script received no significant changes outside of translation and keeps all music within the original score.
Critical reception
editDer Glöckner von Notre Dame
Matt Wolf of Variety said, "The prevailing tone, indeed, is far and away the most somber of the three Disney film-to-stage shows yet." He wrote that "the design is likely to be the show's talking point in any language, coupling as it does the best of British and American talent with a new $100 million dollar-plus playhouse specifically adapted to accommodate the demands of the piece. The aquamarine stage curtain, Gothic tracery already encoded within it, rises to reveal set designer Heidi Ettinger's ever-shifting array of cubes that join with Jerome Sirlin's projections to conjure the medieval world of the Parisian belltower inhabited by Sarich's misshapen orphan Quasimodo, his unyielding master Frollo (Norbert Lamla) and a trio of very chatty gargoyles."[10]
Awards and nominations
Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
---|---|---|---|
November 1999 | Der Glöckner von Notre Dame | Goldenen Europa (Golden Europe) award for Best Musical of the Year | Won |
January 2000 | Der Glöckner von Notre Dame | B.Z.-Kulturpreis (B.Z. Culture Prize) for Best Stage Design | Won |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
The English version of the musical received positive reviews. The New York Daily News wrote, "This stage musical smartly excises comic relief from the film's giggling gargoyles...The look of the show is also very good. Alexander Dodge's lavish bell-tower, Alejo Vietti's gritty period costumes and Howell Binkley's dynamic lights lend to the atmosphere."[57] The New York Times deemed it a "surprising[ly] self-serious...polished but ponderous musical" with a "simultaneously impressive and oppressive" stage and "rich choral singing."[50] The Hollywood Reporter said "Menken's uncommonly complex, classically-influenced score often soars."[58] AM New York called the musical "an unusually dark and chilling piece of musical theater which explores physical deformity, religious extremism, sexual repression and even genocide."[59]
Awards and nominations
Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
---|---|---|---|
2014 | The Hunchback of Notre Dame | San Diego Theatre Critics Circle Craig Noel Award for Outstanding Resident Musical | Nominated[60] |
2014 | Brent Alan Huffman | San Diego Theatre Critics Circle Craig Noel Award for Outstanding Musical Direction | Nominated[60] |
2014 | Patrick Page | San Diego Theatre Critics Circle Craig Noel Award for Outstanding Featured Male Performance in a Musical | Won[60][61] |
2014 | Howell Binkley | San Diego Theatre Critics Circle Craig Noel Award for Outstanding Lighting Design | Won[60][61] |
2014 | Alexander Dodge | San Diego Theatre Critics Circle Craig Noel Award for Outstanding Scenic Design | Won[60][61] |
2014 | Scott Schwartz | San Diego Theatre Critics Circle Craig Noel Award for Outstanding Direction of a Musical | Nominated[60] |
2018 | Best Musical – Stampede Troupe | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Musical | Won[62] |
2018 | John Sosna (Quasimodo) | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Actor in a Musical | Won[62] |
2018 | Hannah Marie Harmon (Esmeralda) | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Actress in a Musical | Won[62] |
2018 | Ken W Andrews (Dom Claude Frollo) | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Musical | Won[62] |
2018 | Barb Gilliam | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Costume Design of a Musical | Won[62] |
2018 | Peter F. Muller | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Director of a Musical | Won[62] |
2018 | Nicole Harwell | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Music Director | Won[62] |
2018 | Scot Gagnon / Peter F Muller | Broadway World Denver Award for Best Set Design of a Musical | Won[62] |
2017 | The Hunchback of Notre Dame – Aurora Theatre and Theatrical Outfit | BroadwayWorld Atlanta Award for Best Musical (Professional) | Won[63] |
2017 | Haden Rider – Aurora Theatre and Theatrical Outfit | BroadwayWorld Atlanta Award for Best Actor in a Musical (Professional) | Won[63] |
2018 | Eric Collins | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Sound Design | Nominated[64] |
2018 | Vicki Kaiser | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Lighting Design | Nominated[64] |
2018 | Sally Page & Koren Zander | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Costume and Makeup | Won[64] |
2018 | Bryan Schendlinger | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Scenic Design | Won[64] |
2018 | Vianna Fagel | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Stage Management | Nominated[64] |
2018 | Shannon Ferrara & Michael Gilch | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Musical Direction | Nominated[64] |
2018 | Rachel Tovar | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Choreography | Nominated[64] |
2018 | Frank Ferrara | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Direction of a Musical | Nominated[64] |
2018 | Alicia Rose Dishon as "Esmeralda" | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Debut Performance | Nominated[64] |
2018 | CJ Carter as "Quasimodo" | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Debut Performance | Won[64] |
2018 | Alicia Rose Dishon as "Esmeralda" | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Musical | Nominated[64] |
2018 | CJ Carter as "Quasimodo" | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical | Nominated[64] |
2018 | The Hunchback of Notre Dame – The Pennington Players | Kelsey Award for Outstanding Production of a Musical | Nominated[64] |
Additionally, Hunchback received 10 Tommy Tune awards from 15 nominations,[65][66] 6 Kenny Award nominations,[67] 13 Blue Star Award nominations,[68] 10 Tune Awards,[69] 15 Freedy Award nominations and 8 wins,[70] 6 Blumey Award nominations,[71] one Annual Pierrot Award,[72] and 7 TBA awards.[73] The Danish version received 3 award nominations.[74]
Principal cast
editCharacter | Original Berlin Cast (Berlin, Germany; 1999) | La Jolla Playhouse Cast (San Diego, CA, USA; 2014) | Paper Mill Playhouse Cast (Millburn, NJ, USA; 2015) |
---|---|---|---|
Quasimodo | Drew Sarich[10] | Michael Arden[10] | |
Esmeralda | Judy Weiss[10] | Ciara Renée | |
Claude Frollo | Norbert Lamla | Patrick Page | |
Phoebus | Fredrik Lycke | Andrew Samonsky | |
Clopin | Jens Janke | Erik Liberman | |
Charles | Valentin Zahn | does not appear | |
Loni | Yvonne Ritz Andersen | does not appear | |
Antoine | Tamàs Ferkay | does not appear | |
The Archdeacon | Carlo Lauber | does not appear | |
Lt. Frederic Charlus | does not appear | Ian Patrick Gibb | |
Jehan Frollo | does not appear | Lucas Coleman | Jeremy Stolle |
Florika | does not appear | Samantha Massell | |
St. Aphrodisius | does not appear | Neal Mayer | |
Choir | n/a | SACRA/PROFANA | Continuo Arts |
Cast albums
editThe Hunchback of Notre Dame (Studio Cast Recording) | |
---|---|
Soundtrack album cast recording by Various | |
Released | January 22, 2016 |
Studio | Avatar, New York City |
Length | 1:19:55 |
Label | Ghostlight Records |
Germany (1999)
editA German-language cast album was released in 1999.[75]
United States (2015)
editPaper Mill cast released a cast recording of the show.[76] Recorded at Avatar Studios,[77][78] the album features a 25-piece orchestra, with a 32-strong choir.[79] The recording was released by Ghostlight Records in January 2016.[80] The cast album was released to critical and commercial acclaim.[citation needed] It debuted at number one on Billboard's Cast Albums chart upon its release, thereby ending the 17-week run of Hamilton on this list.[81]
Chart | Peak position |
---|---|
Cast Albums Sales | 1[81] |
Top Album Sales | 17[82] |
Billboard 200 | 47[82] |
Germany (2017)
editA second German-language cast album was released in September 2017.[83] M1 Musical wrote that from the first notes of Olim in the German recording, the reviewer was given goosebumps; they ultimately deemed it a "masterpiece – the diamond in the CD shelf."[84]
Austria (2023)
editThe first complete live recording performed in German by the original Vienna cast was released in December 2023.[85]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Gilbert, Ryan (January 24, 2014). "Into the California Sunlight! Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame Will Have Its U.S. Premiere at La Jolla". Broadway.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ "Full Cast Announced for the U.S. Premiere of The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Paper Mill Playhouse. Archived from the original on October 8, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
- ^ Purcell, Casey (April 6, 2015). "The Hunchback of Notre Dame Will Not Move to Broadway; Fans Sign Petition for Transfer". Playbill. Archived from the original on August 17, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
- ^ Peitzman, Louis (March 13, 2015). ""The Hunchback Of Notre Dame" Musical Is Not Your Average Disney Production". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ^ a b "Weltpremiere im Frühjahr 1999 am Potsdamer Platz: "Der Glöckner von Notre Dame" als Musical". Berliner Zeitung (in German). March 19, 1998. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ Simonson, Robert; Lefkowitz, David (November 10, 1998). "Disney's Berlin 'Hunchback'Will Rehearse in New York in Spring 1999". Playbill. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013.
- ^ Bogen, Uwe (April 7, 2017). "Nachfolgeshow für "Mary Poppins": "Der Glöckner von Notre Dame" kommt nach Stuttgart". Stuttgarter Nachrichten (in German). Archived from the original on November 11, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ a b "Walt Disney Theatrical Productions". This Day in Disney History. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "'Der Glöckner von Notre Dame', Production History". jameslapine.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Wolf, Matt (June 1999). "The Hunchback Of Notre Dame (Der Glockner Von Notre Dame)". Legit Reviews; Abroad. Variety. p. 86.
- ^ Walter, Birgit. "Das Setzkastenmusical "Der Glöckner von Notre Dame" am Potsdamer Platz: Charmant wie ein Stein". Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ "Dem "Theater des Westens" geht der Atem aus". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). August 16, 2001. ISSN 0174-4909. Archived from the original on June 9, 2016. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ a b "Der Glöckner kommt". archiv.rhein-zeitung.de. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ Haun, Harry (January 11, 2008). ""Playbill On Opening Night: 'The Little Mermaid' — Starfish Express"". Playbill. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009.
- ^ Cerasaro, Pat (November 15, 2010). "BWW EXCLUSIVE: Alan Menken Talks TANGLED, SISTER ACT, LEAP OF FAITH, HUNCHBACK, ALADDIN & More". Broadway World. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012.
- ^ Ferri, Josh (January 9, 2013). "Will Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame Swing to Broadway?". Broadway Buzz. Broadway.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Joy. "The King's Academy presents Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" – Christian Singles of Palm Beach (North Palm Beach, FL)". Meetup. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
- ^ Chris. "TKA' s production of The Hunchback of Notre Dame almost here". Tka.net. Archived from the original on March 19, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
- ^ a b "Disney's Hunchback of Notre Dame Live – Act I: Opening and Bells of Notre Dame". YouTube. The King's Academy. June 5, 2013. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
- ^ "The King's Academy Theatre Company Set to Premier Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame". The King's Academy Blog. November 8, 2012. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
- ^ knaacje118 (August 21, 2013), Broadway and Beyond part1, archived from the original on December 15, 2021, retrieved June 26, 2018
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Resume". Scott Schwartz: Theater Director. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Verini, Bob (November 10, 2014). "Theater Review: Disney's 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame'". Variety. Archived from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "Paper Mill Season Will Feature Can-Can, Hunchback, Ever After, Vanya and Sonia and More". Playbill. February 26, 2014. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
- ^ Peterson, Tyler (September 4, 2014). "Patrick Page, Michael Arden, Ciara Renee & More to Lead THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME at La Jolla Playhouse!". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ a b Riedl, Matt. "Music Theatre's 'Hunchback' will be its most lavish production all season". The Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Crowder, Marcus (August 18, 2016). "Deaf actor in lead role for Music Circus' darker 'Hunchback'". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Nocco, Adriana (July 6, 2015). "Michael Arden: Inspiring Change with The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Spring Awakening". OnStage. Archived from the original on February 14, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "Shiki Theatre Company: The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Archived from the original on November 29, 2022. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
- ^ The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Shiki 2nd Cast Version) by SHIKI THEATRE COMPANY, June 7, 2017, archived from the original on November 29, 2022, retrieved November 29, 2022
- ^ "Eine Legende kehrt zurück: Musical-Premiere von DISNEYS DER GLÖCKNER VON NOTRE DAME" (PDF). www.stage-entertainment.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 20, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
- ^ Drechsel, Saskia (November 12, 2017). "Glöckner von Notre Dame in Stuttgart: Musical feiert am 18. Februar Premiere". Stuttgarter Nachrichten (in German). Archived from the original on May 20, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "Fall 2017 Productions – The Ira Brind School of Theater Arts". The Ira Brind School of Theater Arts. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Tuacahn Ampitheatre. 2016. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Kelligan, Michael (July 3, 2019). "Review of The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Theatre in Wales. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame". National Youth Music Theatre. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ McRoberts, John (August 15, 2021). "The Hunchback of Notre Dame – NYMT at Manchester Cathedral". The Reviews Hub. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Captive Theatre. August 9, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Melbourne Theatre Calendar. December 8, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame". OSMaD. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ a b c Disney "The Hunchback of Notre Dame Stage production recording" Archived 2013-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, at the musicalschwartz website
- ^ "'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' Cast Album". castalbumdb.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
- ^ a b "The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Music Theatre International. September 24, 2015. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame La Jolla Playhouse". YouTube. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ "Geschichte von Gloeckner von Notre Dame". www.musik-reisen.de (in German). Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ a b Geitner, Paul (May 26, 1999). "Disney's 'Hunchback' Goes to Stage". Entertainment, television and culture. Associated Press Online. Berlin.
- ^ Lampert-Greaux, Ellen (October 1, 1999). "Bells Are Ringing". Live Design. Archived from the original on April 27, 2012.
- ^ Barbra Streisand live MGM Grand November 2nd 2012 Q&A. YouTube. November 5, 2012.[dead link]
- ^ Disney Podcast – PATRICK PAGE INTERVIEW, HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME – Dizney Coast to Coast – Ep. 144. YouTube. December 3, 2014. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Isherwood, Charles (March 18, 2015). "Review: 'Hunchback of Notre Dame' at Paper Mill Playhouse". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- ^ The Hunchback of Notre Dame at Paper Mill Playhouse. YouTube. March 28, 2015. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021.
- ^ "BWW TV: Inside Opening Night of THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME at Paper Mill with Michael Arden, Patrick Page, Stephen Schwartz & More!". broadwayworld.com. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
- ^ Wong, Curtis M. (31 October 2015). "Broadway's Michael Arden Hopes Cabaret Show Will Give Animals A Voice, Too" Archived 2016-08-06 at the Wayback Machine – via Huff Post.
- ^ a b Theme Park University (March 19, 2015), Hunchback of Notre Dame Interview With Stephen Schwartz at Paper Mill Playhouse, archived from the original on December 15, 2021, retrieved June 26, 2018
- ^ 劇団四季「ノートルダムの鐘」関西初公演23日開幕へ向け入念リハ. スポーツ報知 (in Japanese). July 22, 2017. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
- ^ INC., SANKEI DIGITAL (July 22, 2017). 劇団四季ミュージカル「ノートルダムの鐘」京都公演 23日初演に向け公開稽古. 産経WEST (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
- ^ Dziemianowicz, Joe (March 16, 2015). "'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' review: Disney's dark, angst-ridden cartoon comes to life". NY Daily News. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
- ^ Scheck, Frank (March 16, 2015). "'The Hunchback of Notre Dame': Theater Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- ^ Windman, Matt (March 16, 2015). "'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' theater review – 3.5 stars". am New York. Archived from the original on April 19, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "San Diego theater: 2014 Craig Noel Award nominees announced". January 5, 2015. Archived from the original on December 27, 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- ^ a b c "2014 Awards". The San Diego Theatre Critics Circle. Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Henry, Alan (January 8, 2019). "Winners Announced for the 2018 BroadwayWorld Denver Awards". www.broadwayworld.com. BroadwayWorld. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ^ a b "Winners Announced for the 2017 BroadwayWorld Atlanta Awards; HUNCHBACK Wins Best Musical!". Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The Kelsey Theatre Awards | the Kelsey Theatre". Archived from the original on January 6, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "FHS musical nominated for 15 awards". March 21, 2018. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "FHS' Hunchback honored with 10 awards at Tommy Tune | Friendswood High School". Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "2018 Kenny Awards" (PDF). Kenny Awards. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "Starlight Blue Star Awards". Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "Friendswood High shatters record for Tune Awards". April 18, 2018. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ Duckett, Jodi (May 24, 2018). "Freddy Awards 2018: Parkland dominates with 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "BLUMENTHAL PERFORMING ARTS ANNOUNCES THE 2018 BLUMEY AWARDS NOMINEES | Blumenthal Performing Arts". April 27, 2018. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "48th Annual Pierrot Awards". Theatre Winter Haven. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ Hughes, Doug (September 25, 2018). "SBMT up for seven TBA awards!". Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "Disney's the Hunchback of Notre Dame – the Musical". Goteborg. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ "Der Glöckner Von Notre Dame - Original Berlin Cast". castalbums.org.
- ^ Sally Henry Fuller (May 15, 2015). "Exclusive: THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME Cast Album in the Works!". Broadway World. Archived from the original on May 17, 2015.
- ^ Khan, Jessica (October 19, 2015). "Sound the Bells! THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME Heads to Utah Amphitheatre". Broadway World. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015.
- ^ "Michael Arden, Patrick Page, and More Record Hunchback of Notre Dame Cast Album". TheaterMania. October 1, 2015. Archived from the original on October 10, 2015.
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Studio Cast Recording)". Ghostlight Records. Archived from the original on October 26, 2015.
- ^ Peterson, Tyler (October 1, 2015). "Photo Flash: Inside the Recording Studio with the Cast of THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME!". Broadway World. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015.
- ^ a b "The Hunchback of Notre Dame [Studio Cast Recording] – Original Studio Cast | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Archived from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ^ a b Caulfield, Keith (February 6, 2016). "'Hunchback of Notre Dame' Rings In at No. 1 on Cast Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ^ "Der Glöckner Von Notre Dame > Berlin Cast". castalbums.org.
- ^ "Nun auf CD: DER GLÖCKNER VON NOTRE DAME – Musical1". Musical1 (in German). July 29, 2017. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
- ^ "Der Glöckner Von Notre Dame - Original Vienna Cast". castalbums.org.
External links
edit- 2018 Stuttgart Production: "Disneys DER GLÖCKNER VON NOTRE DAME" (in German). Archived from the original on May 20, 2018.
- Official Der Glöckner von Notre Dame website: "Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Archived from the original on August 4, 2001.
- Official Der Glöckner von Notre Dame website (in German): "Disney's DER GLÖCKNER VON NOTRE DAME". Archived from the original on February 15, 2001.
- Description of the technical design of the original production: Lampert-Greaux 1999
- Character Portraits for The Hunchback of Notre Dame by danscape, Texas Premiere at The Playhouse San Antonio: "The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Portraits". September 16, 2017. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017.