David Lawrence Hill (November 11, 1919 – December 14, 2008) was an American nuclear physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project in World War II and was head of the Federation of American Scientists. He is best known for his 1959 testimony against the nomination of Lewis Strauss as United States Secretary of Commerce.
David L. Hill | |
|---|---|
 Hill c. 1960s | |
| Born | David Lawrence Hill November 11, 1919 Booneville, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Died | December 14, 2008 (aged 89) |
| Education | |
| Known for |
|
| Spouse | |
| Partner | Sharon Vincent[1] |
| Children | 7 |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Nuclear physics |
| Institutions | |
| Thesis | Dynamical analysis of nuclear fission (1951) |
| Doctoral advisor | John Archibald Wheeler |
Early life edit
David L. Hill was born in Booneville, Mississippi.[2] on 11 November 1919. He was the only child of David A. Hill, Jr. and Mabel C. Brown a retired elementary school teacher. [3]
World War II edit
After graduating from the California Institute of Technology in 1942, he joined Enrico Fermi's team at the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago, where he remained for the duration of the war. He was one of the team of scientists who built the Chicago Pile, the world's first artificial nuclear reactor. In 1945 he was one of 70 scientists to sign the Szilárd petition asking President Truman to warn the Japanese before the usage of the atomic bomb.[4][5]
Post-war career edit
After the war, he received his Ph.D. in nuclear physics from Princeton University in 1951. His doctoral advisor was John Archibald Wheeler.[6] He was an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University and then from 1954 to 1958 worked as a theoretical physicist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.[6][4]
In 1953, Hill, a chairman for the Federation of American Scientists, criticized a speech by Lewis Strauss that defended his opposition to the shipping of radioisotopes to Norway in 1949. In 1959, he testified before the Commerce Committee of the United States Senate to oppose President Eisenhower's nomination of Lewis Strauss as Secretary of Commerce, saying that "most of the scientists in this country would prefer to see Mr. Strauss completely out of the Government".[7] Hill accused Strauss of a lack of integrity, an obsessive quest for personal approval, persistent arrogance, and personal vindictiveness.[8] Among issues cited were Strauss's aforementioned opposition to the shipping of radioisotopes in 1949 and his role in the security hearing that removed Robert Oppenheimer's security clearance.[8] The Senate voted down Strauss's nomination.[9]
Later years edit
Hill spent the later part of his career working in the private sector, founding research and development companies including Nanosecond Systems Inc., a manufacturer of high-precision measuring equipment, and serving as president of Harbor Research Corp., a patent enforcement and investment company.[10][6]
Southport was developed in 1960 by Hill and was based in Fairfield, Connecticut. [11] The company's name was later changed to Nanosecond Systems Inc in 1962. Which was designed to develop and manufacture measuring instruments and equipment used for scientific and optical purposes.[11] The company did face legal actions when Hill was sued on April 9, 1996 for violating the Securities Act.[12]
Hill was sued again on September 5, 2000 for fraudulent business transactions between Harbor Research Corporation and Hill, himself. The individuals suing were shareholders of a different company (Patient Enforcement Fund INC). They claimed that the funds intended for Patient Enforcement Fund INC. Were going into the pockets of Hill instead. The case was shortly dismissed on September 27, 2000. [1]
Personal life edit
Hill married Mary Shadow on December 31, 1950, with whom he had seven children with.[13][14] Four sons and three daughters. David Hill, Mary Claire Wise, Robert L. Hill, John F. Hill, Cynthia A. Hughes, Sandra E. Hill, and James A. Hill.[15] After the death of his wife in 1992, Hill never remarried but would then move to Rochester, where he met Sharon Vincent, his partner with whom he would spend the rest of his life with.[16] He died on December 14, 2008, at the age of 89 in Brighton, New York.[15]
In media edit
Hill was portrayed by Rami Malek in the 2023[17] Christopher Nolan film Oppenheimer.[18] The lines performed by Malek, when Hill is testifying against Strauss came from the actual testimony Hill made against Lewis Strauss in 1959.[19]
References edit
- ^ "Hill, David Lawrence". Democrat and Chronicle. December 18, 2008. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Glenn T. Seaborg (1994). The Plutonium Story: The Journals of Professor Glenn T. Seaborg, 1939–1946. Columbus, Ohio: Battelle. p. 152, note 58. ISBN 9780935470758.
- ^ "Family tree of David L. Hill". Geneanet. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
- ^ a b "David L. Hill". Nuclear Museum. Atomic Heritage Foundation. December 2, 1942. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ Hill, David L.; Rabinowitch, Eugene; Simpson Jr., John A. (October 29, 1945). "The Atomic Scientists Speak Up: Nuclear Physicists Say There Is No Secrecy In Atomic Bomb and No Defence Against It". Life. Vol. 19, no. 18. Time Inc. pp. 45–48. ISSN 0024-3019.
- ^ a b c "David Hill *51". Princeton Alumni Weekly. Princeton University. March 17, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ Nomination of Lewis L. Strauss: Hearings, Eighty-sixth Congress, First Session, on the Nomination of Lewis L. Strauss to be Secretary of Commerce. March 17-18, April 21, 23, 28-30, May 1, 4-8, 11, 13-14, 1959. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1959. p. 430. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ a b Nomination of Lewis L. Strauss: Hearings, Eighty-sixth Congress, First Session, on the Nomination of Lewis L. Strauss to be Secretary of Commerce. March 17-18, April 21, 23, 28-30, May 1, 4-8, 11, 13-14, 1959. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1959. pp. 733–737. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "The Congress: Sharp Image". Time. June 29, 1959. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- ^ "Miss Mary Shadow Engage to Marry; Tennessee Educator, Member of State Legislature, Affianced to Prof. David L. Hill". The New York Times. December 10, 1950. p. 101. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
- ^ a b "Trade catalogs from Nanosecond Systems, Inc". americanhistory.si.edu. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
- ^ "United States v. Hill, 298 F. Supp. 1221 (D. Conn. 1969)". Justia Law. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
- ^ Cornwell 1989, p. 426.
- ^ "Wins Way To UC". Chattanooga Daily Times. May 13, 1943. p. 10. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Obituary of David Hill". Falvo Funeral Home Inc. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
- ^ Craig, Gary. "'Oppenheimer' leads Oscar nominations. Here's the Rochester link to the story you may not know". Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
- ^ "Fans point out a historical mistake in 'Oppenheimer'". faroutmagazine.co.uk. July 23, 2023.
- ^ "The Cast of 'Oppenheimer' and the Real People They Play". Vanity Fair. July 20, 2023.
- ^ "Manhattan Project Scientists: David Hill (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
Works cited edit
- Cornwell, Ilene (1989). Biographical Directory of the Tennessee General Assembly Volume IV: 1931-1951. Tennessee Historical Commission. ISBN 0874020085.