Cyclodendron was a genus of lycophytes dating from the Permian. Plants were vascularized with reproduction by spores.
| Cyclodendron Temporal range:
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Lycophytes |
| Class: | Lycopodiopsida |
| Order: | †Lepidodendrales |
| Family: | †Lycopodiopsidaceae |
| Genus: | †Cyclodendron Kräusel, 1928 |
| Type species | |
| †Cyclodendron leslii Seward, 1903
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| Species | |
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Taxonomy and distribution
editThe type species, C. leslii, was originally described by Seward in 1903 under the name Bothrodendron leslii and based on specimens collected in Vereeniging, Atherstone Quarry and Port Alfred, South Africa. In 1928, Kräusel would reassign this species to his newly-erected genus Cyclodendron, to which he also assigned specimens from southwest Africa and Uganda.[1] Later authors would recognize more fossils from other Permian Gondwanan localities to belong to this species, including Australia (Reids Dome beds), India and Oman (Gharif Formation).[2][3][4]
In Brazil, the fossil of indefinite species of the genus Cyclodendron, was located on outcrop Morro Papaléo in the city of Mariana Pimentel. They are in the geopark Paleorrota in Rio Bonito Formation and date from Sakmarian at Permian.[5]
In 2012, C. golondrinensis was described from specimens collected in the Permian-aged La Golondrina Formation of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It is named after the formation.[6]
The species C. andreisii was described in 2014 based on a series of sequentially decorticated stems. The fossil specimens were discovered in the upper Permian Yaguarí Formation of Uruguay.[7]
References
edit- ^ Rayner, R J; Rayner, R. J. (1985). "The Permian lycopod Cyclodendron leslii from South Africa". Palaeontology. 28: 111–120. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ Beeston, J.W. (January 1990). "Cyclodendron leslii (Seward) Kräusel 1928 and associated palynomorphs in the Early Permian Reids Dome beds, Queensland, Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 14 (4): 325–330. Bibcode:1990Alch...14..325B. doi:10.1080/03115519008619063. ISSN 0311-5518.
- ^ Goswami, Shreerup; Jeet Singh, Kamal; Chandra, Shaila (2006-12-15). "Pteridophytes from Lower Gondwana formations of the Ib River Coalfield, Orissa and their diversity and distribution in the Permian of India". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 28 (4): 234–250. Bibcode:2006JAESc..28..234G. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.09.009. ISSN 1367-9120.
- ^ Berthelin, M.; Broutin, J.; Kerp, H.; Crasquin-Soleau, S.; Platel, J.-P.; Roger, J. (July 2003). "The Oman Gharif mixed paleoflora: a useful tool for testing Permian Pangea reconstructions". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 196 (1–2): 85–98. Bibcode:2003PPP...196...85B. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00314-6.
- ^ Afloramento Morro do Papaléo, Mariana Pimentel, RS
- ^ Cariglino, Bárbara; Coturel, Eliana P.; Gutiérrez, Pedro R. (December 2012). "The lycophytes of the La Golondrina Formation (Permian), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina: systematic revision, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 36 (4): 427–449. Bibcode:2012Alch...36..427C. doi:10.1080/03115518.2012.663582. hdl:11336/67877. ISSN 0311-5518. S2CID 128462002.
- ^ Herbst, Rafael; Gutiérrez, Pedro R. (1995). "CYCLODENDRON ANDREISII NOV. SP. (LYCOPODIOPSIDACEAE, LYCOPHYTA) DEL PERMICO SUPERIOR DE URUGUAY". Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 32 (2): 141–150. ISSN 1851-8044.
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