Conus ebraeus, common name the black-and-white cone or Hebrew cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.[3]
| Conus ebraeus | |
|---|---|
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| Three different views of a shell of Conus ebraeus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Conidae |
| Genus: | Conus |
| Species: | C. ebraeus
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| Binomial name | |
| Conus ebraeus | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
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Description edit
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The height of the shell varies from 25 mm to 62 mm.[4] The width of the shell of type specimen is 19 mm.[4] The height of the shell of type specimen is 28 mm.[4]
Conus ebraeus has an easily recognisable small, squat shell, with a rounded, short spire.[3]
The shell is white, with a pattern of blackish squares,[3] sometimes rose-tinted, with three or four revolving bands composed of irregular longitudinal dark chocolate or nearly black markings; these markings also ornament the slightly coronated spire.[5] The aperture is white with clouded bands corresponding with the exterior markings.[5] The surface is more or less striate throughout, but striae are more prominent towards the dark stained base.[5]
This species is extremely similar to Conus judaeus. The two are best distinguished by close examination of the radular teeth.[6]
Distribution edit
Conus ebraeus is one of the most widely distributed members of its genus and occurs in shallow water, tropical regions throughout the Indo-West and eastern Pacific, from the Red Sea to the shores of the Americas.[7]
The type locality is India.[4]
Localities include:
- Aldabra[3]
- Chagos[3]
- Guam[7]
- Hawaii[7]
- Houtman Abrolhos[citation needed]
- Kenya[3]
- Madagascar[3]
- Mascarene Basin[3]
- Mozambique[3]
- Okinawa[7]
- Papua New Guinea[8]
- Red Sea[3]
- Tanzania[3]
- Taiwan
- West Coast of South Africa[3]
Habitat edit
Conus ebraeus lives near rocky shores,[3] lower eulittoral, often under boulders.[3]
Feeding habits edit
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.
While the focal prey of Conus ebraeus are eunicid polychaetes (i.e., members of the genus Palola) at most locations in the Indo-West Pacific (e.g., the Maldives, eastern Indian Ocean, Great Barrier Reef, Okinawa and Guam), at Hawaii and the Seychelles this species predominantly preys on nereid polychaetes.[7] These results suggest that Conus ebraeus exhibits geographic variation in dietary specialization.[7]
Prey of Conus ebraeus include Perinereis helleri (family Nereididae), Palola sp., Eunice cariboea and Lysidice collaris (all three from family Eunicidae).[7]
Gallery edit
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Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, C., 1758 -
Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, C., 1758 -
Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, C., 1758 -
Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, C., 1758 -
Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, C., 1758. Museum specimens
References edit
- Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp Archived 2017-06-13 at the Wayback Machine
- This article incorporates CC-BY-2.5 text from the reference [7] and CC-BY-SA-3.0 text from the reference [3] and public domain text from the reference.[5]
- ^ Kohn, A. (2013). "Conus ebraeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T192611A2127058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T192611A2127058.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema Naturae, 10th ed., 1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 27 March 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758.". The Conus Biodiversity website, accessed 28 March 2010.
- ^ a b c d Tryon G. W. (1884). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Volume 6. Conidae, Pleurotomidae. page 20. Plate 5, figure 75-77, Plate 37, figure 13. (Cited as Conus hebraeus.) Plate 2, figure 25.
- ^ Jiménez-Tenorio, Manuel. (2016). Cone radular anatomy as a proxy for phylogeny. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2961.8803.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Duda T.F. Jr., Chang D., Lewis B. D. & Lee T. (2009). "Geographic Variation in Venom Allelic Composition and Diets of the Widespread Predatory Marine Gastropod Conus ebraeus". PLoS ONE 4(7): e6245. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006245
- ^ Alan Hinton, Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific, Milton QLD: The Jacaranda Press, 1972, p72-3
External links edit
- Cone Shells - Knights of the Sea
- "Virroconus ebraeus". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019.