Contortae as a term has appeared in several senses in botanical taxonomy, most conspicuously as follows:

Order Contortae

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Order Contortae is no longer recognised in botanical taxonomy. After a varied history in the nineteenth century, predominant opinion on the Contortae assigned several families to the order in the mid twentieth century, though never with unanimity. They typically included:[1]

By the late twentieth century there were moves to withdraw recognition of the plant order Contortae, and merge it with the order Gentianales or Loganiales (which now is regarded as a synonym of Gentianales). For details of the reassignment of the families to orders, see the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group publication[2]

Other occurrences of the term

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Contortae is a section of the genus Oenothera.[3]

Contortae is a section in the family Acanthaceae.[4]

Contortae is a subsection of the genus Pinus.[5]

References

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  1. ^ Subhash Chandra Datta (1988). Systematic Botany. New Age International. pp. 396–. ISBN 978-81-224-0013-7.
  2. ^ An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV THE ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181, Issue 1, May 2016, Pages 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
  3. ^ Warren L. Wagner, "Systematics of Oenothera Sections Contortae, Eremia, and Ravenia (Onagraceae)," Systematic Botany 30(2), 332-355, (1 April 2005). https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644054223558
  4. ^ ROBERT W. SCOTLAND. Pollen morphology of Contortae (Acanthaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 111, Issue 4, April 1993, Pages 471–504, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1993.tb01916.x
  5. ^ Nicholas C.Wheeler, Raymond P.Guries, David M.O'Malley. Biosystematics of the genus Pinus, subsection contortae. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(83)90033-9