Coenonympha california, also known as the California ringlet or common ringlet, is a species of butterfly native to North America.[1][2] Although it has previously been considered a subspecies of Coenonympha tullia, genetic testing suggests it is a separate species.[3]
| Coenonympha california | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Coenonympha |
| Species: | C. california
|
| Binomial name | |
| Coenonympha california Westwood, 1851
| |
Habitat and behavior
editThe California ringlet is found in grasslands and woodlands from foothills to 5,000 feet (1,500 m). There are two broods a year. The adults of the spring brood are darker and grayer than the adults of the summer brood, which are buff. This might be for thermoregulation.[4]
Larvae feed on grasses.[5]
Taxonomy
editCoenonympha california contains the following subspecies:
- Coenonympha california mcisaaci[2]
- Coenonympha california galactinus[2]
- Coenonympha california benjamini[2]
- Coenonympha california mackenziei[2]
- Coenonympha california yontocket[2]
- Coenonympha california eryngii[2]
- Coenonympha california eunomia[2]
- Coenonympha california columbiana[2]
- Coenonympha california mono[2]
- Coenonympha california elko[2]
- Coenonympha california pseudobrenda[2]
- Coenonympha california subfusca[2]
- Coenonympha california furcae[2]
- Coenonympha california nipisiquit[2]
- Coenonympha california ampelos[2]
- Coenonympha california ochracea[2]
- Coenonympha california insulana[2]
- Coenonympha california inornata[2]
- Coenonympha california california[2]
References
edit- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Common Ringlet (Coenonympha california)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
- ^ Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Opler, Paul A.; Grishin, Nick V. (6 November 2020). "Genomic evidence suggests further changes of butterfly names" (PDF). The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey. 8 (7). eISSN 2643-4806. ISSN 2643-4776.
- ^ "Coenonympha tullia california | Art Shapiro's Butterfly Site". butterfly.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2024-12-16.
- ^ "Species Page: California Ringlet (Coenonympha california)". Nebraska Lepidoptera: A Guide to Nebraska Butterflies and Moths. 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
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