Clithon spinosum is a species of brackish water and freshwater snail with an operculum, a nerite. It is an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.
| Clithon spinosum | |
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_-_Neritidae_-_Mollusc_shell.jpeg)
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| Clithon spinosum shells | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Neritimorpha |
| Order: | Cycloneritida |
| Family: | Neritidae |
| Genus: | Clithon |
| Species: | C. spinosum
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| Binomial name | |
| Clithon spinosum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Neritina spinosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1825 (original combination) | |
Distribution
editDistribution of Clithon spinosum includes the Indo-Pacific and it ranges from New Guinea[2] and south-eastern Asia and eastern Asia to Marquesas.[3] It also occurs in Japan,[4] New Georgia,[5] Fiji[2] and Tahiti[2] and in French Polynesia including the following Society Islands: Tahiti, Mo'orea, Raiatea, Huahine.[3]
Description
editThere are always spines on its shell.[2] Spines are long and thin and they are directed rearward.[6] The width of the shell is 15–20 mm.[7]
Ecology
editClithon spinosum is a dioecious (it has two separate sexes) and amphidromous snail.[3] Adults live in freshwater and larvae are marine.[3] Larvae are long-lived planktotrophs.[3] Adults prefer boulders and cobbles over granules as a substrate.[6][4] They were found mainly on bottom of rocks in aquaria and in situ.[6] They are reported from altitude 0–10 m a.s.l.[6] They can reach densities up to 57.0 ± 17.3 snails per square meter of a stream.[6] Adults can survive 8 hours in seawater (longer exposure was not tested).[6]
It is not used as food source by humans.[3]
References
edit- ^ Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2016). Clithon spinosum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=737522 on 2016-09-06
- ^ a b c d Haynes A. (1988). "Notes on the stream neritids (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) of Oceania". Micronesica 21: 93–102. PDF.
- ^ a b c d e f Myers M. J., Meyer C. P. & Resh V. H. (2000). "Neritid and thiarid gastropods from French Polynesian streams: how reproduction (sexual, parthenogenetic) and dispersal (active, passive) affect population structure". Freshwater Biology 44(3): 535–545. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00599.x.
- ^ a b Blanco J. F. & Scatena F. N. (2007). "The spatial arrangement of Neritina virginea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) during upstream migration in a split‐channel reach". River Research and Applications 23(3): 235–245. PDF.
- ^ Haynes A. (1990). "The numbers of freshwater gastropods on Pacific islands and the theory of island biogeography". Malacologia 31: 237-248.
- ^ a b c d e f Liu H. T. T. & Resh V. H. (1997). "Abundance and microdistribution of freshwater gastropods in three streams of Moorea, French Polynesia". International Journal of Limnology 33(4): 235–244. doi:10.1051/limn/1997022.
- ^ Tryon G. W. (1888–1889) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Volume 10, 322 pp., 69 plates. page 63, plate 23, figure 6–7.
External links
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Media related to Clithon spinosum at Wikimedia Commons