The Científicos (from Spanish: "scientists" or "those scientifically oriented") were a circle of technocratic advisors to President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz. Steeped in the positivist "scientific politics", they functioned as part of his program of modernization at the start of the 20th century.

Antonio V. Hernández Benavides and Pablo Macedo Saravia, founders of the Banco Central Mexicano (Mexican Central Bank) with Justo Sierra, minister for Education
Left to right: Justo Sierra, Luis Terrazas, Olegario Molina, Vice President Ramón Corral, President Porfirio Díaz, Enrique Creel, José Yves Limantour, Manuel González de Cosío, Antonio V. Hernández

Leading Científicos included:

There were other factions within the Díaz government that were opposed to the Científicos, most notably that led by former general Bernardo Reyes.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Cosío Villegas, Daniel (1979). Historia Moderna de México. México: Ed. Hermes, Colegio de México.
  2. ^ Velador Castañeda, J. A. Edgar Oscar (1990). "Manuel Romero Rubio, factor político primordial del porfiriato". Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Tesis de Maestría).

Sources

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  • Hernández Chávez, Alicia. Mexico: A Brief History. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), p. 194.
  • Ruiz, Ramón Eduardo. Triumphs and Tragedy: A History of the Mexican People (New York: Norton, 1992), p. 274
  • Martínez Vázquez, Víctor Raúl, editor. La revolución en Oaxaca, 1900-1930, p. 38.

Further reading

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  • De María y Campos, Alfonso. "Porfirianos prominentes: origenes y años de juventud de ocho integrantes del group de los Científicos 1846-1876", Historia Mexicana 30 (1985), pp. 610–81.
  • González Navarro, Moisés. "Las ideas raciales de los Científicos". Historia Mexicana 37 (1988) pp. 575–83.
  • Hale, Charles A. Justo Sierra. Un liberal del Porfiriato. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica 1997.
  • Hale, Charles A. The Transformation of Liberalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1989.
  • Priego, Natalia. Positivism, Science, and 'The Scientists' in Porfirian Mexico. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 2016.
  • Raat, William. "The Antiposivitist Movement in Pre-Revolutionary Mexico, 1892-1911", Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, 19 (1977) pp. 83–98.
  • Raat, William. "Los intelectuales, el Positivismo y la cuestión indígena". Historia Mexicana 20 (1971), pp. 412–27.
  • Villegas, Abelardo. Positivismo y Porfirismo. Mexico: Secreatria de Educación Pública, Col Sepsetentas 1972.
  • Zea, Leopoldo, El Positivismo en México. Nacimiento apogeo y decadenica. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica 1968.