The Christchurch Call to Action Summit (also called the Christchurch Call) was a political summit initiated by then New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern that took place on 15 May 2019 in Paris, France, two months after the Christchurch mosque shootings of 15 March 2019. Co-chaired by Ardern and President Emmanuel Macron of France, the summit aimed to "bring together countries and tech companies in an attempt to bring to an end the ability to use social media to organise and promote terrorism and violent extremism".[1][2] World leaders and technology companies pledged to "eliminate terrorist and violent extremist content online";[3] 17 countries originally signed the non-binding agreement,[4][5] with another 31 countries following suit on 24 September the same year.[6] The pledge consists of three sections or commitments: one for governments, one for online service providers, and one for the ways in which the two can work together.[7][8]
In May 2024, the New Zealand and French Governments agreed to the creation of a new charity called the Christchurch Call Foundation to continue the work of the Christchurch Call.[9][10]
Signatories
edit
Map of supporters of the Christchurch Call | ||
Among the signatories to the pledge are the European Commission, Council of Europe,[6] UNESCO,[6] and the governments of the following countries:
Argentina[11]
Australia
Austria[11]
Belgium[11]
Bulgaria[11]
Canada[12]
Chile[11]
Colombia[11]
Croatia[11]
Cyprus[11]
Czech Republic[11]
Denmark[6][11]
Estonia[11]
Finland[11]
France
Georgia[11]
Germany
Ghana[11]
Greece[11]
Hungary[11]
Iceland[11]
Indonesia
India[13]
Ireland
Italy
Ivory Coast[11]
Japan
Jordan
Kenya[11]
Republic of Korea[6][11]
Latvia[11]
Lithuania[11]
Luxembourg[11]
Maldives[11]
Malta[11]
Mexico[6]
Mongolia[11]
The Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Peru[11]
Poland[11]
Portugal[11]
Romania[11]
Senegal
Slovakia[11]
Slovenia[11]
Spain
Sri Lanka[6][11]
Sweden
Switzerland[11]
Tunisia[11]
United Kingdom
United States[14]
The following online service providers, as part of the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT) consortium,[6][15] also signed the pledge:[16]
The United States, under (Republican) President Trump, declined to attend in 2019,[17] expressing concerns that US compliance with the agreement could create conflicts with free-speech protections in the country's Constitution; the United States however did support the summit's "overarching message" and "endorsed its overall goals".[18][19] On 7 May 2021, White House press secretary Jen Psaki announced that the United States, under (Democratic) President Biden, would be joining the Christchurch Call and participate in a virtual summit on 14 May 2021.[14][20]
Status history
editOn 4 April 2023, New Zealand Prime Minister Chris Hipkins appointed Ardern as Special Envoy for the Christchurch Call. Ardern will serve in the role in a voluntary capacity and report to Hipkins.[21]
On 14 May 2024, New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and French President Emmanuel Macron agreed that the Christchurch Call would continue as a charity rather than a part of NZ Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The two leaders announced the creation of a new non governmental organisation called the Christchurch Call Foundation, to coordinate the Christchurch Call's "work to eliminate terrorist and violent extremist content online."[9][10]
Commentary
editBryan Keogh wrote in The Conversation that the summit "has made excellent progress as a first step to change, but we need to take this opportunity to push for systemic change in what has been a serious, long-term problem."[22] InternetNZ CEO Jordan Carter called the summit "a vital first step" to addressing terrorism and violent extremism online, saying that it was "important that governments and online service providers have come together on this issue, to agree real, actionable changes."[23] Jillian York of the Electronic Frontier Foundation praised the Call for asking companies to provide greater transparency regarding its moderation practices, while expressing concerns about how terms such as "terrorism" and "violent extremism" are defined by various governments.[24]
Tom Rogan argued in the Washington Examiner that the Call's goal for governments to work with companies to stop "violent extremist content" would breach Americans' First Amendment rights, using war footage on YouTube as an example of content that could be blocked under this agreement.[25] Nick Gillespie of Reason criticized the summit, writing that "it should be deeply worrying to anyone who believes in free expression that governments and corporations are openly working together to decide what is and is not acceptable speech."[26]
References
edit- ^ "NZ and France seek to end use of social media for acts of terrorism". Beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "Core group of world leaders to attend Jacinda Ardern-led Paris summit". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "The Christchurch Call to Action". Document Cloud. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "Tech companies and 17 govts sign up to Christchurch Call". Radio NZ. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "Christchurch Call". Christchurch Call. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Craig McCulloch (24 September 2019). "Christchurch Call: Tech companies overhaul organisation to stop terrorists online". RNZ.
- ^ "The Christchurch Call pledge document in full". Stuff. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "Christchurch Call". Christchurch Call. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ a b "Christchurch Call to continue as charity". RNZ. 14 May 2024. Archived from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Joint statement of Christopher Luxon and Emmanuel Macron: Launch of the Christchurch Call Foundation". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. 14 May 2024. Archived from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "Christchurch Call — Supporters". Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ Levesque, Catherine (16 May 2019). "Canada introducing digital charter to combat hate speech, misinformation". National Post. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
- ^ Mohan, Geeta (16 May 2019). "India signs Christchurch Call To Action to combat online extremism". India Today. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
- ^ a b "Biden administration joins global campaign against online extremism". Reuters. 8 May 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ Donie O'Sullivan (24 September 2019). "Sheryl Sandberg outlines Silicon Valley's plan to fight online extremism". CNN Business.
- ^ "Tech companies and 17 govts sign up to Christchurch Call". Radio NZ. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ Romm, Tony; Harwell, Drew. "White House declines to back Christchurch call to stamp out online extremism amid free speech concerns". Washington Post. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ Cooke, Henry (15 May 2019). "US snubs Christchurch Call tech pledge, but says it endorses 'overall goals'". Stuff. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ Barbaschow, Asha. "Christchurch Call: USA missing from 26 member pledge to eliminate violent online content". ZDNet. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
- ^ "US joins Christchurch Call to eliminate terrorist and violent extremist content online". Radio New Zealand. 8 May 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ "Former PM Jacinda Ardern appointed as Christchurch Call Envoy". Radio New Zealand. 4 April 2023. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ^ Keogh, Bryan (16 May 2019). "The 'Christchurch Call' is just a start. Now we need to push for systemic change". The Conversation. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ Paredes, Divina. "Christchurch Call outcome 'a vital first step' to address terrorism and violent extremism online". CIO New Zealand. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ York, Jillian C. (16 May 2019). "The Christchurch Call: The Good, the Not-So-Good, and the Ugly". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ Rogan, Tom (15 May 2019). "Why the Trump administration had to reject the Christchurch Call". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ Gillespie, Nick (16 May 2019). "To Fight 'Extremism,' Journalists Are Praising Online Censorship". Reason. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
