Catherine Douglas was a historical figure who tried to prevent the assassination of King James I of Scotland.
Catherine Douglas may also refer to:
- Catherine Douglas, Baroness Glenbervie (1760–1817)
- Catherine Douglas, Duchess of Queensberry (1701–1777), English socialite
- Catherine Zeta-Jones (born 1969), wife of Michael Douglas
- Kathy Douglas, American model
- Katherine Douglas Smith (1878–?), militant British suffragette
- Katherine Douglas (rower), 2020 British Olympian