Cathaica pyrrhozona is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae, which is similar to Cathaica fasciola on shell morphology. [1] [2] But this species has single proximal accessory sac instead of two.
| Cathaica pyrrhozona Temporal range:
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_fasciola_pyrrhozona_(Philippi,_1845)_-_Bradybaenidae_-_Mollusc_shell_(cropped).jpeg)
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| Cathaica pyrrhozona shells | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Camaenidae |
| Genus: | Cathaica |
| Species: | C. pyrrhozona
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| Binomial name | |
| Cathaica pyrrhozona R. A. Philippi (1845)
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| Synonyms | |
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Taxonomy edit
This species was described under the name Helix pyrrhozona by German–Chilean paleontologist and zoologist Rodolfo Amando Philippi in 1845.
Distribution edit
This species was considered as synonym of Cathaica fasciola which was considered as widely distributed in China.[3][4] However, Zhang and Wade (2023) [2] found that Cathaica fasciola and Cathaica pyrrhozona are two different species.
Description edit
The shell is same with Cathaica fasciola,[2] thin,[5] but solid.[4] The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture.[4] The shape of the shell is depressed above and below.[4] The spire is low-conoid.[4] The surface is shining, sculptured above with close rib-striae, becoming more delicate below.[4] The shell has 5½ whorls.[5][4] The earliest whorl is smooth, shining, forming a subacute apex.[4] Following whorls are slightly convex, slowly increasing, separated by an impressed suture.[4] The last whorl is much wider, rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front.[4] Aperture is slightly oblique, lunate-oval.[4] Peristome is white and thickened with a strong white lip.[5][4] The umbilicus is rapidly narrowing to a narrow, deep perforation.[4] The width of umbilicus is one-eighth the greatest diameter.[4]
The width of the shell is 15 mm (0.59 in).[5][4] The height of the shell is 8.5 mm (0.33 in).[4]
Digestive system: radula and jaw was depicted by George Washington Tryon and Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1894.[6]
Reproductive system: penis is slender, ending in a long retractor and the terminal vas deferens.[6] Dart sac is large, opening into atrium.[6] There is a dense cluster of about ten club-shaped, glandular mucus glands near the atrium base.[6] Spermatheca duct is long.[6] Only one proximal accessory sac is found which let this species distinguished from C. fasciola [2]
References edit
- ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Cathaica pyrrhozona (R. A. Philippi, 1845). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1674203 on 2023-10-19
- ^ a b c d Zhang, Guoyi; Wade, C.M. (2023-09-01). "Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chinese land snail Cathaica Möllendorff, 1884 (Eupulmonata: Camaenidae) in Shandong Province, China". Biological Journal of the Linean Society. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blad067.
- ^ Zhang, Min-Zhao; Du, Yan-Li; Qin, Xiao-Chun; Zhao, Yu-Jia; Wang, Jin-Zhong; Zhang, Zhi-Yong (2015-10-02). "Study on the behaviour of dormancy breaking in Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Molluscan Research. 35 (4): 213–217. doi:10.1080/13235818.2015.1044886. ISSN 1323-5818. S2CID 86206848.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1892). Volume 8. Helicidae – Volume VI. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 204-205, plate 47, figures 60-63.
- ^ a b c d Tryon G. W. (1887) Volume 3. Helicidae – Volume I. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. page 208, plate 47, figures 57-59.
- ^ a b c d e Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1894). Volume 9. Helicidae – Volume VII. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 205-206, plate 55, figures 6-7, plate 65, figures 7-8, plate 66, figure 32.
External links edit
- Philippi, R. A. (1845-1847). Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekannter Conchylien. Zweiter Band. 2. Cassel: Fischer. 1-231, pls. 1-48.
- (in English) Zhang, G. & Wade, C.M. (2023) Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chinese land snail Cathaica Möllendorff, 1884 (Eupulmonata: Camaenidae) in Shandong Province, China. Biological Journal of the Linean Society doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blad067/7246466
Media related to Cathaica pyrrhozona at Wikimedia Commons