Carcharhinus

Carcharhinus; Temporal range: Lutetian-recent; ~42–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Subclass:	Elasmobranchii
Subdivision:	Selachimorpha
Order:	Carcharhiniformes
Family:	Carcharhinidae
Genus:	Carcharhinus; Blainville 1816
Type species
	Carcharias melanopterus; Quoy & Gaimard 1824
Synonyms
	Aprionodon Gill 1861; Eulamia Gill 1862; Galeolamna Owen 1853; Gillisqualus Whitley 1934; Hypoprion Müller & Henle 1838; Platypodon Gill 1862; Pterolamiops Springer 1951; Uranga Whitley 1943;

Carcharhinus is the type genus of the family Carcharhinidae, the requiem sharks. One of 12 genera in its family, it contains over half of the species therein. It contains 35 extant and eight extinct species to date, with likely more species yet to be described.^[3]

Species edit

Extant edit

Common name	Scientific name	Conservation status IUCN Red List	Length
Genus Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 - 35 extant species
Blacknose shark	Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860)	Endangered	1.3 m (4.3 ft)
Silvertip shark	Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837)	Vulnerable	2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Bignose shark	Carcharhinus altimus (S. Springer, 1950)	Near threatened	2.7–2.8 m (8.9–9.2 ft) possibly 3 m (9.8 ft)
Graceful shark	Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934)	Vulnerable	1.7 m (5.6 ft)
Grey reef shark	Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856)	Endangered	Mostly less than 1.9 m (6.2 ft) maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft)
Pigeye shark	Carcharhinus amboinensis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Vulnerable	1.9–2.5 m (6.2–8.2 ft) max. 2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Borneo shark	Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858)	Critically endangered	0.7 m (2.3 ft)
Copper shark	Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870)	Vulnerable	3.3 m (11 ft)
Spinner shark	Carcharhinus brevipinna (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Vulnerable	2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Nervous shark	Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945)	Least concern	1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Pacific smalltail shark	Carcharhinus cerdale (C. H. Gilbert, 1898)	Critically endangered	1.4 m (4.6 ft)
Australian blackspot shark	Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939)	Least concern	0.8 m (2.6 ft)
Whitecheek shark	Carcharhinus dussumieri (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Endangered	1 m (3.3 ft)
Silky shark	Carcharhinus falciformis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Vulnerable	2.5 m (8.2 ft) maximum 3.3 m (11 ft)
Creek whaler	Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (Whitley, 1943)	Least concern	1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Galapagos shark	Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)	Least concern	3 m (9.8 ft) maximum 3.3 m (11 ft)
Pondicherry shark	Carcharhinus hemiodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Critically endangered	1 m (3.3 ft)
Human's whaler shark	Carcharhinus humani (W. T. White & Weigmann, 2014)	Data deficient	0.8 m (2.6 ft)
Finetooth shark	Carcharhinus isodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Near threatened	1.6–1.7 m (5.2–5.6 ft) maximum 1.9 m (6.2 ft)
Smoothtooth blacktip shark	Carcharhinus leiodon (Garrick, 1985)	Endangered	1.2 m (3.9 ft)
Bull shark	Carcharhinus leucas (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Vulnerable	2.3–2.4 m (7.5–7.9 ft) maximum 3.6–4.0 m (11.8–13.1 ft)
Blacktip shark	Carcharhinus limbatus (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Vulnerable	1.5 m (4.9 ft) maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft)
Oceanic whitetip shark	Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)	Critically endangered	3 m (9.8 ft)
Hardnose shark	Carcharhinus macloti (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Near threatened	1.1 m (3.6 ft)
Blacktip reef shark	^TCarcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)	Vulnerable	1.6 m (5.2 ft) maximum 1.8 m (5.9 ft)
Dusky shark	Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)	Endangered	3.2 m (10 ft) maximum 4.0 m (13.1 ft)
Lost shark^[4]	Carcharhinus obsolerus (White, Kyne, & Harris, 2019)	Critically endangered (possibly extinct)	0.37–0.43 m (15–17 in) (juvenile length only)
Caribbean reef shark	Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876)	Endangered	2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Sandbar shark	Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827)	Endangered	2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
Smalltail shark	Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839)	Critically endangered	0.9–1.1 m (3.0–3.6 ft) maximum 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Blackspot shark	Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913)	Vulnerable	1 m (3.3 ft)
Night shark	Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868)	Endangered	2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Spot-tail shark	Carcharhinus sorrah (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)	Near threatened	1.6 m (5.2 ft)
Australian blacktip shark	Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley, 1950)	Least concern	1.5–1.8 m (4.9–5.9 ft) maximum 2 m (6.6 ft)
Indonesian whaler shark	Carcharhinus tjutjot (Bleeker, 1852)	Vulnerable	0.9 m (3.0 ft)

^T Type species

Fossil edit

Age	Species	Authority	Formation	Location	Notes
Montehermosan	†C. egertoni	Agassiz 1843	Onzole	Ecuador	^[5]
Pliocene			Luanda	Angola
Pliocene			Villamagna	Italy
Huayquerian			Camacho	Uruguay
Late Miocene			Penedo	Portugal
Middle Miocene			Sekinobana	Japan
			Suso
			Hannoura
Langhian			Higashi-innai
Colhuehuapian			Pirabas	Brazil	^[6]
Burdigalian			Calvert	Maryland	^[5]
Early Miocene			Baripada	India	^[5]
Early Piacenzian	†C. priscus	Agassiz 1843	Oosterhout	Netherlands	^[7]
Montehermosan			Onzole	Ecuador
Pliocene			Luanda	Angola
Hemphillian			Curré	Costa Rica
Huayquerian			Pisco	Peru
Late Miocene			Penedo	Portugal
			Uscari	Costa Rica
			Fujina	Japan
			Takakubo	Japan
Badenian			Hrušky	Czech Republic
Badenian			Korytnica	Poland
Serravallian			Moulin de Débat	France
			Kurahara	Japan
			Wajimazaki
			Horimatsu
Middle Miocene			Sekinobana
			Suso
			Hannoura
			Maenami
Langhian			Higashi-innai
			Florianer Schichten	Austria
			Grund
			Weissenegg
Middle Miocene			Punta Judas	Costa Rica
Burdigalian			Dera Bugti	Pakistan
Burdigalian			Dam	Saudi Arabia
Colhuehuapian			Pirabas	Brazil	^[6]
Aquitanian			Trent	North Carolina	^[7]
Early Miocene			Filakovo	Slovakia	^[7]
Chasicoan	†C. caquetius	Carrillo Briceño et al. 2015	Urumaco	Venezuela	^[8]
Santacrucian	†C. ackermani	Santos & Travasos 1960	Cantaure	Venezuela	^[9]^[10]
Colhuehuapian	†C. ackermani	Santos & Travasos 1960	Pirabas	Brazil	^[6]
Burdigalian	†C. gibbesi	Woodward 1889	Trent	North Carolina	^[2]^[11]
Chattian			Chandler Bridge	South Carolina
Priabonian			Clinchfield	Georgia
			Yazoo	Alabama Louisiana
			Jackson Gp.	Arkansas
Bartonian			Gosport Sand	Alabama
Bartonian			Moodys Branch	Louisiana Mississippi
Lutetian			Crockett	Texas
Rupelian	†C. balochenisis	Adnet et al. 2007	Chitarwata	Pakistan	^[12]^[13]
Rupelian	†C. perseus	Adnet et al. 2007	Chitarwata	Pakistan	^[12]^[14]
Rupelian	†C. perseus	Adnet et al. 2007	Minqar Tabaghbagh	Egypt	^[12]^[14]
Bartonian	†C. nigeriensis	White 1926	Ameki	Nigeria	^[15]^[16]

References edit

^ Carrier, J.C.; J.A. Musick & M.R. Heithaus (2004). Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-8493-1514-X.
^ ^a ^b Cicimurri & Knight, 2009
^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2011). Species of Carcharhinus in FishBase. February 2011 version.
^ Harris et al., 2019
^ ^a ^b Carcharhinus egertoni at Fossilworks.org
^ ^a ^b ^c De Aráujo Távora et al., 2010
^ ^a ^b Carcharhinus priscus at Fossilworks.org
^ Carrillo Briceño et al., 2015
^ Aguilera & De Aguilera, 2001
^ C. ackermani at Fossilworks.org
^ C. gibbesi at Fossilworks.org
^ ^a ^b Adnet et al., 2007
^ C. balochenisis at Fossilworks.org
^ C. perseus at Fossilworks.org
^ C. nigeriensis at Fossilworks.org
^ Halstead & Middleton, 1974

Bibliography edit

Adnet, S.; Antoine, P.-O.; Hassan Baqri, S.R.; Crochet, J.; Marivaux, L.; Welcomme, J.; Métais, G. (2007). "New tropical carcharhinids (chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene–early Oligocene of Balochistan, Pakistan: Paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic implications". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 30: 303–323. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
Aguilera, Ó; De Aguilera, D. (2001). "An exceptional coastal upwelling fish assemblage in the Caribbean Neogene". Journal of Paleontology. 75: 732–742. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; Rodrigues dos Santos, André Augusto; Neto Araújo, Raphael (2010). "Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior)" (PDF). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 5: 207–224. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Maxwell, Erin; Aguilera, Órangel A.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2015). "Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela)". PLoS ONE. 10 (10): e0139230. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
Cicimurri, D.J.; Knight, J.L. (2009). "Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54: 627–647. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
Halstead, L.B.; Middleton, J.A. (1974). "New material of the archaeocete whale Pappocetus lugardi Andrews, from the middle Eocene of Nigeria". Journal of Mining and Geology. 8: 81–85.
Harris, Mark; Kyne, Peter M.; White, William T. (2019). "Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records". PLoS ONE. 14 (1): e0209387. Retrieved 2019-03-05.

[1] Carrier, J.C.; J.A. Musick & M.R. Heithaus (2004). Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-8493-1514-X.

[Cicimurri2009-2] Cicimurri & Knight, 2009

[FishBaseCarcharhinus-3] Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2011). Species of Carcharhinus in FishBase. February 2011 version.

[4] Harris et al., 2019

[FWEgertoni-5] Carcharhinus egertoni at Fossilworks.org

[DeAraujo2010-6] De Aráujo Távora et al., 2010

[FWCPriscus-7] Carcharhinus priscus at Fossilworks.org

[8] Carrillo Briceño et al., 2015

[9] Aguilera & De Aguilera, 2001

[FWCAckermani-10] C. ackermani at Fossilworks.org

[FWCGibbesi-11] C. gibbesi at Fossilworks.org

[Adnet2007-12] Adnet et al., 2007

[FWCBalochenisis-13] C. balochenisis at Fossilworks.org

[FWCPerseus-14] C. perseus at Fossilworks.org

[FWCNigeriensis-15] C. nigeriensis at Fossilworks.org

[16] Halstead & Middleton, 1974

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