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Carbohydrate chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry primarily concerned with the detection, synthesis, structure, and function of carbohydrates.[1] Due to the general structure of carbohydrates, their synthesis is often preoccupied with the selective formation of glycosidic linkages and the selective reaction of hydroxyl groups; as a result, it relies heavily on the use of protecting groups.
Monosaccharides edit
Individual saccharide residues are termed monosaccharides.
Carbohydrate synthesis edit
Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned specifically with the generation of natural and unnatural carbohydrate structures. This can include the synthesis of monosaccharide residues or structures containing more than one monosaccharide, known as oligosaccharides.
Glycosidic bond formation edit
Protecting groups edit
- Carbohydrate acetalisation
- Trimethylsilyl
- Benzyl Ether
- para-methoxybenzyl ether
Oligosaccharides edit
Reactions of carbohydrates edit
Carbohydrates are reactants in many organic reactions. For example:
Functions of carbohydrates edit
Carbohydrates have four major functions within the body:
- Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
- Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy
- Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
- Cellular and protein recognition
Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose edit
Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy edit
Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids edit
Cellular and protein recognition edit
Glycoprotein hormones may be removed by the liver from the bloodstream when the passage of time causes the breaking-off of carbohydrates from the glycoproteins.[citation needed]
See also edit
Carbohydrate structure edit
- Anomeric effect
- Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrate conformation
- Disaccharide
- Glycosidic bond
- Monosaccharide
- Polysaccharide
Carbohydrate function and biology edit
References edit
- ^ Ruppersberg, Klaus; Rautenstrauch, Hanne; Thomsen, Stefan (5 April 2022). "Know Thy Carbs! Safer Carbohydrate Detection Methods for School Labs – Part 1". ChemistryViews. doi:10.1002/chemv.202200022. S2CID 247988541.
External links edit
- Media related to Carbohydrate chemistry at Wikimedia Commons
- Functions of Carbohydrates