Canigou

Canigó
Canigó
	Canigó, December 2004
Highest point
Elevation	2,784 m (9,134 ft)
Prominence	550 m (1,800 ft)
Listing	Mountains of France
Coordinates	42°31′08″N 02°27′24″E / 42.51889°N 2.45667°E
Geography
	Canigó Pyrénées-Orientales, France
Parent range	Pyrenees
Climbing
First ascent	According to tradition, in 1285 by Peter III of Aragon
Easiest route	hike

The Canigó (Catalan: Canigó [kəniˈɣo], locally [kəniˈɣu]; French: Canigou [kaniɡu]; Latin: mons Canigosus or Canigonis) is a mountain located in the Pyrenees of southern France.

The Canigó is located less than 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the sea and has an elevation of 2,784.70 metres (9,136.2 ft).^[1] Due to its sharp flanks and its dramatic location near the coast, until the 18th century the Canigou was believed to be the highest mountain in the Pyrenees.^[2]

Being between south and Northern Catalonia, the mountain has a historical symbolical significance for Catalan people.^[3]

It is visible from Marseille on the 8th February and 31st October.

Geography

The Canigó is located in Pyrénées-Orientales, south of Prades and north of Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste. Its summit lies on the border between two communes: Vernet-les-Bains and Taurinya (although the territories of two other communes - Casteil and Valmanya - approach quite closely to the summit).^[4] Its location makes it visible from the plains of Roussillon and from Conflent in France, and as well from Empordà in Spain.^[5]

Twice a year, in early February and at the end of October, with good weather, the Canigó can be seen at sunset from as far as Marseille, 250 km (160 mi) away, by refraction of light.^[6] This phenomenon was observed in 1808 by baron Franz Xaver von Zach from the Notre-Dame de la Garde basilica in Marseille.^[7] All year long, it can also be seen, with good weather, from Agde, Port-Camargue and the Montagne Noire.

Canigou from Bompas, Perpignan, 1st April 2024

Canigou from Bompas, Perpignan 31st March 2024

Trekking and sightseeing

View from the summit

Jeep tracks on the north side of the massif lead to the Chalet des Cortalets (at 2150 m) which is a popular outpost with walkers.

There are two ancient monasteries at the foot of the mountain, Martin-du-Canigou and Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa.

Canigó Flame

The mountain has symbolical significance for Catalan people. On its summit stands a cross that is often decorated with the Catalan flag.^[8] Every year on 23 June, the night before St. John's day (nit de Sant Joan), there is a ceremony called Flama del Canigó. French Catalans carry a flaming torch from Perpignan to the cross and the Catalonian flag on top of the mountain, and people light bonfires throughout the area.^[9]

Literature

The Canigó inspired the epic poem "Canigó"^[10] by Catalan poet Jacint Verdaguer i Santaló. In these verses Verdaguer compares the snowy mountain to a Magnolia flower (pages 27–28):

This Spanish banknote of 1971 had a portrait of Verdaguer on one side, and a picture of Canigou, from Vernet-les-Bains (in France), on the other.

Lo Canigó és una magnòlia immensa
que en un rebrot del Pirineu se bada;
per abelles té fades que la volten,
per papallons los cisnes i les àligues.
Formen son càlzer escarides serres
que plateja l'hivern i l'estiu daura,
grandiós beire on beu olors l'estrella,
los aires rellentor, los núvols aigua.
Les boscúries de pins són sos bardissos,
los Estanyols ses gotes de rosada,
i és son pistil aqueix palau aurífic,
somni d'aloja que del cel davalla.

The Canigó is an immense magnolia
that blooms in an offshoot of the Pyrenees;
its bees are the fairies that surround it,
and its butterflies the swans and the eagles.
Its cup are jagged mountain chains,
colored in silver by the winter and in gold by the summer,
huge cup where the star drinks fragrances,
the airs freshness and the clouds water.
The pine forests are its hedges
and the ponds its dew drops,
and its pistil is that golden palace,
seen by the nymph in her dreams descending from heaven.

While he was staying in Vernet-les-Bains in 1911, Kipling wrote about Canigou. In a letter to the Club Alpin, he praised it as a "magician among mountains".

Kipling also wrote a light-hearted short story entitled Why Snow Falls at Vernet. It makes fun of the English habit of always talking about the weather.^[11]

Notes

^ Luna Simon-Soubieille et Camille Richard--Merlat (24 June 2024). "Le Canigó mesure 2 784,70 mètres, selon les géomètres-experts des Pyrénées-Orientales". lindependant.fr. Retrieved 25 June 2024..
^ Histoire du Roussillon - Le relief des Pyrénées-Orientales
^ Ribas, Joseph (1996). El Canigó història i mite. Vic: Eumo Editorial. pp. 11–12. ISBN 9788476027578.
^ Pierre Bousigue, Canigou - de l'ombre à la lumière, 2019, p118
^ Guide du Roussillon et de l'Andorre : touristique, historique, social, économique, Perpignan, Sud Roussillon, 1968, 286 p.
^ "Le Canigou vu depuis Allauch et Marseille".
^ Cárdenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan [66 Little Stories of Catalan Country] (in French). Perpignan: Ultima Necat. ISBN 978-2-36771-006-8. OCLC 893847466.
^ Pyrénées Team - Croix du Canigó
^ Raguenaud, Virginie (2012). The Colors of Catalonia: In the Footsteps of Twentieth-Century Artists. Gemma. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9781934848425.
^ Ribas, Joseph (1993). Canigou, montagne sacrée des Pyrénées (1 ed.). Portet-sur-Garonne: Loubatières. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-2-86266606-8.
^ "Why Snow Falls at Vernet ( Kipling, 1911)". 20 February 2003.

References

Canigó by Verdaguer; Full text - Wikitext

External links

Canigo.cat Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine All information about the Canigou massif: nature, culture and itineraries (in Catalan)

[1] Luna Simon-Soubieille et Camille Richard--Merlat (24 June 2024). "Le Canigó mesure 2 784,70 mètres, selon les géomètres-experts des Pyrénées-Orientales". lindependant.fr. Retrieved 25 June 2024..

[2] Histoire du Roussillon - Le relief des Pyrénées-Orientales

[3] Ribas, Joseph (1996). El Canigó història i mite. Vic: Eumo Editorial. pp. 11–12. ISBN 9788476027578.

[4] Pierre Bousigue, Canigou - de l'ombre à la lumière, 2019, p118

[5] Guide du Roussillon et de l'Andorre : touristique, historique, social, économique, Perpignan, Sud Roussillon, 1968, 286 p.

[6] "Le Canigou vu depuis Allauch et Marseille".

[7] Cárdenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan [66 Little Stories of Catalan Country] (in French). Perpignan: Ultima Necat. ISBN 978-2-36771-006-8. OCLC 893847466.

[8] Pyrénées Team - Croix du Canigó

[9] Raguenaud, Virginie (2012). The Colors of Catalonia: In the Footsteps of Twentieth-Century Artists. Gemma. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9781934848425.

[10] Ribas, Joseph (1993). Canigou, montagne sacrée des Pyrénées (1 ed.). Portet-sur-Garonne: Loubatières. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-2-86266606-8.

[11] "Why Snow Falls at Vernet ( Kipling, 1911)". 20 February 2003.

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