Campbell Mustafa Ağa

Campbell Mustafa Ağa, also known as Ingliz Mustafa,^[1] was a Scotsman who from 1775 was the chief instructor in the new Ottoman Empire naval mathematical academy, the Hendishâne, succeeding François Baron de Tott.^[2]^[3] He later converted to Shia Islam.^[4]

References

^ Dalrymple, William (2003). White Mughals: Love and Betrayal in Eighteenth-century India. Viking. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-670-03184-9.
^ Elpen, Levent (6 May 2022). "The Place Where Ancestored Turkish Modernisation: Çeşme". Karavan Dergi (in Turkish). Retrieved 17 November 2022.
^ Şiviloğlu, Murat R. (25 October 2018). The Emergence of Public Opinion: State and Society in the Late Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-107-19092-4. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
^ Lewis, Bernard (24 January 2002). What Went Wrong?: Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response. Oxford University Press. pp. 29–31. ISBN 978-0-19-803295-3. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

Bibliography

Christopher Ferrard: "İngiliz Mustafa: A Scotsman in the service of the Ottoman Empire“ in Yücel Dağlı Anısına, Turkuaz Yayınları, 2016

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[1] Dalrymple, William (2003). White Mughals: Love and Betrayal in Eighteenth-century India. Viking. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-670-03184-9.

[2] Elpen, Levent (6 May 2022). "The Place Where Ancestored Turkish Modernisation: Çeşme". Karavan Dergi (in Turkish). Retrieved 17 November 2022.

[3] Şiviloğlu, Murat R. (25 October 2018). The Emergence of Public Opinion: State and Society in the Late Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-107-19092-4. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

[4] Lewis, Bernard (24 January 2002). What Went Wrong?: Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response. Oxford University Press. pp. 29–31. ISBN 978-0-19-803295-3. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

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