Camp Greyhound is the nickname[1] of a temporary makeshift jail at the Greyhound Bus station next to the New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal that was operated in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina of August 29, 2005.[2]
| Location | New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
|---|---|
| Status | Closed |
| Population | 220 (at peak) |
| Opened | September 2005 |
| Closed | October 2005 |
| Managed by | Louisiana Department of Corrections |
| City | New Orleans |
| County | Orleans Parish |
| State/province | Louisiana |
| Country | United States |
Operation
editThe construction of Camp Greyhound by the Louisiana Department of Corrections[3] was one of the top priorities in the rebuilding of New Orleans.[4] Sixteen cages of chain-link fencing topped with razor wire were erected at the bus station under the canopies to house up to 700 people. Work was done by prisoners from the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola under the direction of Burl Cain. Most suspects had been arrested for looting, while others were detained for curfew violation, vehicle theft, intoxication, or resisting arrest.[4] By September 8, nine inmates had been incarcerated for attempted murder.[3]
An outdoor cage could hold about 45 people. There was no furniture, and inmates had to sleep on the asphalt ground of the bus station without mattresses, using an open portable toilet.[5][6] Food consisted of military issued meals.[5] The facility was fully lit at night with electric power generated by an Amtrak engine running 24 hours.[6] Inmates were guarded by officers from the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola.[7] At least five mercenary companies were enlisted to round up "prisoners" and keep the jail running.[8] The camp was protected by the National Guard on the outside.[6]
The jail had a processing center[9] where inmates were photographed and fingerprinted. The single public defender was unable to offer individual advice; the only options were to plead guilty and agree to community service, or to be sent to a permanent facility and wait a minimum of 21 days for further processing.[4] In the latter case, inmates were bused to permanent facilities.
The first inmates were apparently placed into the facility on Monday, September 5, 2005.[10] Clad in prison-orange, they were not allowed to notify relatives or lawyers, and no phone calls were permitted. A report by *The Washington Times* from September 9, 2005, indicated that over 220 people suspected of looting were at Camp Greyhound at that time.[2]
Camp Greyhound operated for about six weeks[4] or two months.[3]
Denial of constitutional rights
editThe collapse of the judicial system after the hurricane affected people held at Camp Greyhound.[3] About 1,200 people, mostly African-Americans, passed through the jail, and regular judicial proceedings were not followed, violating habeas corpus rights.[7][1] By the end of its operation, exaggerated reports of unrest, looting, and violence started to be revised and retracted.[11][12] Indeed, a small number of NOPD officers were reported to have participated in the looting.[13]
Reports emerged indicating innocent people being incarcerated for a prolonged time; first at Camp Greyhound and then transferred to outside prisons. James Terry was arrested for "looting" his own apartment. He spent time at Camp Greyhound and then at a permanent jail without ever having access to a lawyer, being charged with a crime, or having a court hearing before his eventual release seven months later.[1] Pedro Parra-Sanchez went through Camp Greyhound on October 13, 2005, and disappeared in the penal system for 13 months.[1] Abdulrahman Zeitoun's case was documented in the eponymous book by David Eggers. He was released after one month, while his companions were held five, six, and eight months more, all without due process.[1] Another inmate, Ashton O'Dwyer, an attorney, claimed that he was pepper-sprayed and shot with beanbag rounds while in custody. He was never charged with a crime, and his lawsuit regarding his incarceration was unsuccessful.[14] In contrast, a jury later awarded $650,000 to two tourists who had been caught in the system.[15]
Legacy
editIn 2009, Dan Berger argued that journalistic routines and uncritical reporting by the media "legitimated punishment as disaster policy" and "suggested militarized policing and imprisonment as fundamental to restore order".[16] In 2011, James Fox from the New Statesman opined that Camp Greyhound was "known for organized brutality, a little-known, near-exact facsimile of Guantanamo Bay".[15]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Brendan McCarthy (June 23, 2010). "Justice system failings in wake of Hurricane Katrina left wounds that remain unhealed". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ a b "'Camp Greyhound' home to 220 looting suspects". The Washington Times. September 9, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Brandon L. Garrett & Tania Tetlow, Criminal Justice Collapse: The Constitution After Hurricane Katrina, 56 Duke Law Journal 127-178 (2006) [1]
- ^ a b c d Marina Sideris, Amnesty Working Group: Amnesty for Prisoners of Katrina. Report of the Critical Resistance, 2007, pages 8-12 [2]
- ^ a b Kevin Johnson (8 September 2005). "'Camp Greyhound' outpost of law and order". USA Today. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ a b c Jeff Brady (September 9, 2005). "New Orleans Housing Prisoners in Bus Station". National Public Radio. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ a b Ed Pilkington (March 11, 2010). "The amazing true story of Zeitoun". The Guardian. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ Seema Jilani (May 17, 2011). "Haunted by the nightmare of Katrina". The Guardian. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- ^ Greta van Susteren, Burl Cain (September 8, 2005). "New Orleans' Makeshift Jail". Fox News. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ "At the Train Station, New Orleans' Newest Jail is Open For Business". KOMO-TV. New Orleans, Louisiana. September 6, 2005. Archived from the original on November 19, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
- ^ Susannah Rosenblatt, James Rainey (September 27, 2005). "Katrina Takes a Toll on Truth, News Accuracy". LA Times. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ Peter Berkowitz (September 9, 2005). ""We Went into the Mall and Began 'Looting'": A Letter on Race, Class, and Surviving the Hurricane". Monthly Report online. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ "Witnesses: New Orleans cops took Rolex watches, jewelry". CNN. September 25, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ James Gill (November 20, 2016). "James Gill: Still fighting Hurricane Katrina's demons". New Orleans Advocate. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ a b James Fox (April 14, 2011). "No limits to the law in NoLa". New Statesman. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
- ^ Dan Berger (August 14, 2009). "Constructing crime, framing disaster. Routines of criminalization and crisis in Hurricane Katrina". Punishment & Society. 11 (4): 491–510. doi:10.1177/1462474509341139. S2CID 143933941.