The cadmium resistance (CadD) protein family (TC# 2.A.77) belongs to the Lysine exporter (LysE) superfamily.[1] CadD members facilitate the export of cationic compounds such as cadmium ions.[2]
| Cadmium Resistance Protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | CadD | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF03596 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR004676 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Members
editCurrently, many sequenced proteins comprise the CadD family. Two are close orthologues in two Staphylococcus species that have been reported to function in cadmium resistance, a fourth has been reported to function in quaternary ammonium cation export, and the fourth is a distant open reading frame (ORF) in Staphylococcus aureus.[3] These proteins are found in Gram-positive bacteria. Their mode of energy coupling has not been investigated, but is hypothesized to include a proton antiport mechanism. This family is distantly related to members of the LysE family (TC #2.A.75) and the RhtB family (TC #2.A.76). These three families, which are included in the LysE superfamily, all consist of proteins of similar sizes (about 200 residues) and topologies (6 putative transmembrane α-helical segments; 5 experimentally determined TMSs).[4]
General Transport Reaction
editThe probable reaction catalyzed by these proteins is:[2]
Cationic compound (in) + nH+ (out) → Cationic compound (out) + nH+ (in).
Further reading
edit- Schirawski J, Hagens W, Fitzgerald GF, Van Sinderen D (November 2002). "Molecular characterization of cadmium resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus strain 4134: an example of lateral gene transfer". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (11): 5508–16. Bibcode:2002ApEnM..68.5508S. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.11.5508-5516.2002. PMC 129935. PMID 12406744.
- Johnson DA, Tetu SG, Phillippy K, Chen J, Ren Q, Paulsen IT (October 2008). "High-throughput phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane transport genes". PLOS Genetics. 4 (10): e1000211. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000211. PMC 2542419. PMID 18833300.
- Nies DH (January 1992). "Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc, and nickel in microbes". Plasmid. 27 (1): 17–28. doi:10.1016/0147-619X(92)90003-S. PMID 1741458.
- Braz VS, Marques MV (October 2005). "Genes involved in cadmium resistance in Caulobacter crescentus". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 251 (2): 289–95. doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.013. PMID 16168577.
- Lee SW, Glickmann E, Cooksey DA (April 2001). "Chromosomal locus for cadmium resistance in Pseudomonas putida consisting of a cadmium-transporting ATPase and a MerR family response regulator". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (4): 1437–44. Bibcode:2001ApEnM..67.1437L. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.4.1437-1444.2001. PMC 92752. PMID 11282588.
References
edit- ^ Tsu BV, Saier MH (2015-01-01). "The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0137184. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1037184T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137184. PMC 4608589. PMID 26474485.
- ^ a b "2.A.77 The Cadmium Resistance (CadD) Family". Transporter Classification Database. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
- ^ Crupper SS, Worrell V, Stewart GC, Iandolo JJ (July 1999). "Cloning and expression of cadD, a new cadmium resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus". Journal of Bacteriology. 181 (13): 4071–5. doi:10.1128/JB.181.13.4071-4075.1999. PMC 93898. PMID 10383976.
- ^ Cao Y, Jin X, Levin EJ, Huang H, Zong Y, Quick M, Weng J, Pan Y, Love J, Punta M, Rost B, Hendrickson WA, Javitch JA, Rajashankar KR, Zhou M (May 2011). "Crystal structure of a phosphorylation-coupled saccharide transporter". Nature. 473 (7345): 50–4. Bibcode:2011Natur.473...50C. doi:10.1038/nature09939. PMC 3201810. PMID 21471968.
As of 25 February 2016, this article is derived in whole or in part from Transporter Classification Database, authored by Saier Lab Bioinformatics. The copyright holder has licensed the content in a manner that permits reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. The original text was at "2.A.77 The Cadmium Resistance (CadD) Family"
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