Chromosome X open reading frame 36 (CXorf36) is a gene that in humans encodes a protein “hypothetical protein LOC79742”. This protein has a function that is not currently very well understood.[5][6] Other known aliases are “FLJ14103, DKFZp313K0825, FLJ55198, PRO3743, FLJ55198, hCG1981635, bA435K1.1,” and “4930578C19Rik.”[7]
| DIPK2B | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | DIPK2B, 4930578C19Rik, DIA1R, EPQL1862, PRO3743, bA435K1.1, chromosome X open reading frame 36, CXorf36, divergent protein kinase domain 2B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 300959; MGI: 1923155; HomoloGene: 23469; GeneCards: DIPK2B; OMA:DIPK2B - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gene
editThe CXorf36 gene is located at Xp11.3.
It can be transcribed into 8 different transcript variants, which in turn can produce 6 different isoforms of the protein.[8]
The genomic DNA is 52,529 base pairs long,[5] while the longest mRNA that it produces is 4,735 bases long.
Gene Neighborhood
editCXorf36 is closely surrounded by the following genes on chromosome X:[5]
- DUSP21
- KDM6A
- MIR222
- TBX20
CXorf36 is also surrounded by two other genes on chromosome X that have been implicated in X-linked mental retardation.[9]
Protein
editThe longest protein isoform that is produced by the CXorf36 gene is termed hypothetical protein LOC79742 isoform 1 and is 433 amino acids long.[10] The protein has a predicated molecular weight of 48.6 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.11.[11]
Domains
editThe CXorf36 gene protein product contains a region of low complexity from position 16 to position 40.[12]
Post-translational Modification
editThe CXorf36 protein is predicted to undergo phosphorylation at several serines, threonines, and tyrosines throughout the structure.[13] However, many of these sites are predicted at serines. There is also a predicted N-linked glycosylation site at position 100 on the protein product.[14]
Expression
editCXorf36 is shown to be expressed ubiquitously at low levels in various tissues throughout the body. It is expressed highly in the ciliary ganglion, ovary, and uterus corpus. However, highest expression is seen in the trigeminal ganglion tissue.[15]
Conservation
editCXorf36 has one paralog in humans known as C3orf58.[16] Orthologs have been found in all mammals and through numerous eukaryotes.[17] However, conservation of the full gene halts past this, most likely a result of duplication from the ancestral gene into CXorf36 and C3orf58. The full list of organisms in which orthologs have been found is given below.
References
edit- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000147113 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037358 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: CXorf36". Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ Thiselton DL, McDowall J, Brandau O, Ramser J, d'Esposito F, Bhattacharya SS, Ross MT, Hardcastle AJ, Meindl A (April 2002). "An integrated, functionally annotated gene map of the DXS8026-ELK1 interval on human Xp11.3-Xp11.23: potential hotspot for neurogenetic disorders". Genomics. 79 (4): 560–72. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6733. PMID 11944989.
- ^ "GeneCards: CXorf36 Gene". Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "NCBI AceView: CXorf36". Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ Tarpey PS, Smith R, Pleasance E, Whibley A, Edkins S, Hardy C, O'Meara S, Latimer C, Dicks E, Menzies A, Stephens P, Blow M, Greenman C, Xue Y, Tyler-Smith C, Thompson D, Gray K, Andrews J, Barthorpe S, Buck G, Cole J, Dunmore R, Jones D, Maddison M, Mironenko T, Turner R, Turrell K, Varian J, West S, Widaa S, Wray P, Teague J, Butler A, Jenkinson A, Jia M, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Wooster R, Tejada MI, Martinez F, Carvill G, Goliath R, de Brouwer AP, van Bokhoven H, Van Esch H, Chelly J, Raynaud M, Ropers HH, Abidi FE, Srivastava AK, Cox J, Luo Y, Mallya U, Moon J, Parnau J, Mohammed S, Tolmie JL, Shoubridge C, Corbett M, Gardner A, Haan E, Rujirabanjerd S, Shaw M, Vandeleur L, Fullston T, Easton DF, Boyle J, Partington M, Hackett A, Field M, Skinner C, Stevenson RE, Bobrow M, Turner G, Schwartz CE, Gecz J, Raymond FL, Futreal PA, Stratton MR (May 2009). "A systematic, large-scale resequencing screen of X-chromosome coding exons in mental retardation". Nat. Genet. 41 (5): 535–43. doi:10.1038/ng.367. PMC 2872007. PMID 19377476.
- ^ "NCBI Protein: hypothetical protein LOC79742 isoform 1". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ "SDSC Biology Workbench". Retrieved May 10, 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "MyHits Dotlet". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ "DTU Center for Biological Sciences, NetPhos". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ "DTU Center for Biological Sciences, NetNGlyc". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ "NCBI GEO Profiles: CXorf36". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ "KEGG: C3orf58". Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ "NCBI BLAST". Retrieved May 9, 2011.
External links
edit- Human CXorf36 genome location and CXorf36 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
edit- Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, et al. (2004). "Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions". Genome Res. 14 (9): 1711–8. doi:10.1101/gr.2435604. PMC 515316. PMID 15342556.
- Tarpey PS, Smith R, Pleasance E, et al. (2009). "A systematic, large-scale resequencing screen of X-chromosome coding exons in mental retardation". Nat. Genet. 41 (5): 535–43. doi:10.1038/ng.367. PMC 2872007. PMID 19377476.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Thiselton DL, McDowall J, Brandau O, et al. (2002). "An integrated, functionally annotated gene map of the DXS8026-ELK1 interval on human Xp11.3-Xp11.23: potential hotspot for neurogenetic disorders". Genomics. 79 (4): 560–72. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6733. PMID 11944989.
- Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
- Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, et al. (2001). "The sequence of the human genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–51. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995.
- Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P, et al. (2008). "Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 7 (3): 499–508. doi:10.1074/mcp.M700325-MCP200. PMID 18029348.
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