The Códice de Roda or Códice de Meyá (Roda or Meyá codex) is a medieval manuscript that represents a unique primary source for details of the 9th- and early 10th-century Kingdom of Navarre and neighbouring principalities. It is currently held in Madrid as Royal Academy of History MS 78.[1]

Códice de Roda, fol. 1r.

The codex is thought to date from the late 10th century, although there are additions from the 11th century, and it was compiled in Navarre, perhaps at Nájera, written in a Visigothic minuscule in several different hands with cursive marginal notes. It is 205 mm × 285 mm (8.1 in × 11.2 in), and contains 232 folios.[1] The manuscript appears to have been housed at Nájera in the 12th century, and later in the archives of the cathedral at Roda de Isábena at the end of the 17th century. In the next century, it was acquired by the prior of Santa María de Meyá, passing into private hands, after which only copies and derivative manuscripts were available to the scholarly community until the rediscovery of the original manuscript in 1928.[2]

The codex includes copies of well-known ancient and medieval texts, as well as unique material. The first two-thirds of the compilation reproduces a single work, Paulus Orosius' Seven Books of History Against the Pagans. Also notable are Isidore of Seville's History of the Goths, Vandals and Suebi, the Chronica prophetica,[3] the Historia de Melchisedech,[4] the Storia de Mahometh, the Tultusceptru de libro domni Metobii and a genealogy of Jesus. Unique items include a list of Arab rulers and of the Christian kings of AsturiasLeón, Navarre and France; a chronicle of the Kingdom of Navarre; the Chronicle of Alfonso III; a necrology of the bishops of Pamplona; and the De laude Pampilone epistola. It also includes a chant in honour of an otherwise unknown Leodegundia Ordóñez, Queen of Navarre.[1][2]

Despite this diversity of material, the manuscript is perhaps best known for its genealogies of the dynasties ruling on both sides of the Pyrenees.[2][5] The genealogies in the Roda Codex have played a critical role in interpreting the scant surviving historical record of the dynasties covered. The family accounts span as many as five generations, ending in the first half of the 10th century. These include the Íñiguez and Jiménez rulers of Pamplona, the counties of Aragon, Sobrarbe, Ribagorza, Pallars, Toulouse and the duchy of Gascony. It has recently been suggested that these genealogies, reminiscent of the work of Ibn Hazm, were prepared in an Iberian Muslim context in the Ebro valley and passed to Navarre at the time the codex was compiled.[2][5]

Detailed contents

edit
 
T and O map, from fol. 200v
 
Adoration of the Magi, from fol. 206r

The codex consists of the following texts, listed by their rubrics:

  • fol. 186r: Dicta de Ezecielis profeta[7]
  • fol. 187r: Genealogia Sarracenorum[7]
  • fols 187r–188r: Storia de Mahometh[8]
  • fol. 188v: Ratio Sarracenorum de sua ingressione in Spania[7]
  • fols 188v–189r: De Goti qui remanserint civitates Ispaniensis[7]
  • fol. 189r: Hii sunt duces Arabum qui regnaverunt in Spania[7]
  • fol. 189r: Item reges qui regnaberunt in Spania ex origine Ismaelitarum Beniumeie[7]
  • fol. 189r–v: Remanent usque ad diem sancti Martini[9]

References

edit
Citations
  1. ^ a b c García Villada (1928)
  2. ^ a b c d Lacarra (1945)
  3. ^ Wreglesworth (2010)
  4. ^ Gil (1971), pp. 173–176.
  5. ^ a b Lacarra (1992)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Carlos Villamarín (2011), pp. 121–122
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Millares Carlo (1999), no. 210, at pp. 139–142
  8. ^ a b c d e Tischler 2021, pp. 288ff.
  9. ^ Furtado (2016), p. 76–77
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Lacarra (1945), pp. 202–203
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Ruiz García (1997), pp. 398–399
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Furtado (2020), p. 66
  13. ^ Gil (1971), pp. 165–170.
  14. ^ Gil (1971), pp. 170–173.
  15. ^ Gil (1971), pp. 173–176.
Bibliography
  • Helena de Carlos Villamarín, "El Códice de Roda (Madrid, BRAH 78) como compilación de voluntad historiografica", Edad Media. Rev. Hist., 12:119–142 (2011).
  • Rodrigo Furtado, "The Chronica Prophetica in MS. Madrid, RAH Aem. 78," in L. Cristante and V. Veronesi, eds., Forme di accesso al sapere in età tardoantica e altomedievale, 6:75–100 (2016).
  • Rodrigo Furtado, "Emulating Neighbours in Medieval Iberia around 1000: A Codex from La Rioja (Madrid, RAH, cód. 78)," in Kim Bergqvist, Kurt Villads Jensen and Anthony John Lappin, eds., Conflict and Collaboration in Medieval Iberia (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020). pp. 43–72.
  • Zacarías García Villada, "El códice de Roda recuperado," Revista de Filología Española 15:113–130 (1928).
  • Juan Gil Fernández, "Textos olvidados del Códice de Roda," Habis 2:165–178 (1971).
  • José María Lacarra. "Textos navarros del Códice de Roda," Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón, 1:194–283 (1945). (article without accompanying genealogical charts)
  • José María Lacarra. "Las Genealogías del Códice de Roda," Medievalia, 10:213–216 (1992).
  • Agustín Millares Carlo, Corpus de códices visigóticos, Vol. 1: Estudios (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1999).
  • Elisa Ruiz García, Catálogo de la sección de códices de la Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid, 1997).
  • Matthias M. Tischler, "Spaces of ‘Convivencia’ and Spaces of Polemics Transcultural Historiography and Religious Identity in the Intellectual Landscape of the Iberian Peninsula, Ninth to Tenth Centuries", in Walter Pohl and Daniel Mahoney, eds., Historiography and Identity IV: Writing History Across Medieval Eurasia (Brepols, 2021), pp. 275–305.
  • John Wreglesworth (2010). "Crónica profetica". In Dunphy, Graeme (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle. Leiden: Brill. p. 400. ISBN 90-04-18464-3.
edit