Brzoza [ˈbʐɔza], meaning birch, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielka Nieszawka, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Wielka Nieszawka and 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Toruń. It is located in the historic region of Kuyavia.

Brzoza
Village
Entrance to the village
Entrance to the village
Brzoza is located in Poland
Brzoza
Brzoza
Coordinates: 52°57′43″N 18°41′20″E / 52.96194°N 18.68889°E / 52.96194; 18.68889
Country Poland
VoivodeshipKuyavian-Pomeranian
CountyToruń
GminaWielka Nieszawka
Population
180
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Vehicle registrationCTR
Highways
National roads

History

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During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1939, the local Polish school principal was murdered by the Germans in a massacre of Poles committed in the nearby Barbarka forest in Toruń as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[2] In November 1940, the German Schutzpolizei carried out expulsions of Poles, who were placed in a transit camp in Toruń, and then either deported to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland or sent to forced labour, while their houses and farms were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[3]

Transport

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Brzoza is located at the intersection of the Polish A1 and S10 highways, and also the National road 91 passes through the village. There is also a railway station in the village.

References

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  1. ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
  2. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warsaw: IPN. p. 162.
  3. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warsaw: IPN. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.