Booposoidea is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Boopsoidea inornata, the Fransmadam or Karel grootoog, which is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa.
| Boopsoidea | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Boopsoidea Castelnau, 1861 |
| Species: | B. inornata
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| Binomial name | |
| Boopsoidea inornata Castelnau, 1861
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy edit
Booposoidea was first proposed as a genus in 1861 by the French naturalist François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau when he described its only species, B. inornata.[3] Castelnau gave the type locality of B. inornata as Kalk Bay and Algoa Bay in South Africa.[4] This taxon is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Pagellinae,[6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[5]
Etymology edit
Boopsoidea means "having the form of Boops." Castelnau described this taxon as having the same overall shape as the bogue. The specific name inornata means "unadorned" and is an allusion Castelnau did not explain but it may refer to the absence of spots and stripes on this fish.[7]
Distribution edit
Booposoidea is endemic to the southewestern Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa between Kalk Bay on the eastern coast of the Cape Peninsula to Aliwal Shoal in KwaZulu-Natal.[8]
Description edit
A deep bodied fish with a pointed head and large eyes. Its adult body colour is bronze to silver with a distinctive dark edge to the gill covers. Small juveniles are a reddish orange, fading with growth to silvery with orange to yellow fins. Length is up to 30 cm, and weight seldom exceeds 0.4 kg.[9][10]
Diagnostics edit
Depth 2 to 2.3 in standard length. Dorsal fin with 11 spines, 10 to 11 rays. Anal fin has 11 rays. Pectoral fins have 15 to 16 rays, and are longer than the head. Lateral line has 56 to 65 conspicuous scales.[11][12]
Habitat edit
Usually on rocky reefs in depths of about 5 to 35 m.[10] B. inornata is omnivorous, and prefers small sand- and reef-dwelling prey. Intake of algae and small fish is relatively small.[13] Adults feed on tunicates, polychaete worms, crustaceans (amphipods, decapods, isopods and mysids), molluscs, bryozoans, plankton and seaweeds for their animal encrustations.[9][11][14] Its preferred temperature range is 17.6 - 27.5 °C.[2]
Life cycle edit
Boopsoidea inornata is a rudimentary hermaphrodite. It is a long lived, polygamous, resident species. Females spawn throughout the year, but mostly in spring.[13] The eggs are pelagic and have been found in shelf waters in the Tsitskamma National Park.[14] Females mature at 178 mm FL, compared to 185 mm FL for males.[13] Predated by large fish like red steenbras and kob.[11] Nineteen parasite taxa are known to infect B. inornata and include myxozoan, monogenean, digenean, cestode, nematode, copepod and isopod examples.[13]
Importance to humans edit
Boopsoidea inornata is often part of recreational and commercial skiboat catches in the southeastern and southwestern Cape. It is usually used as bait for larger gamefish,[2] but is also used for food when larger reef fish species are depleted. It is also often caught by shore anglers in the Eastern Cape and Western Cape.[14]
Conservation status edit
Least concern [14]
References edit
- ^ Mann, B.Q.; Russell, B.; Carpenter, K.E.; et al. (2014). "Boopsoidea inornata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170218A1295250. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170218A1295250.en. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Boopsoidea inornata" in FishBase. August 2023 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Boopsoidea". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
- ^ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
- ^ a b Jones, Georgina (2008). A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. Cape Town: SURG. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9.
- ^ a b Branch, G.M.; Branch, M.L.; Griffiths, C.L.; Beckley, L.E. (2010). Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa (2nd ed.). Cape Town: Struik Nature. ISBN 978 1 77007 772 0.
- ^ a b c Heemstra, Phil; Heemstra, Elaine (2004). Coastal fishes of Southern Africa. Grahamstown: NISC and SAIAB. ISBN 1-920033--01-7.
- ^ Smith, J.L.B. (1977). Smith's sea fishes. Cape Town: Valiant publishers. ISBN 0 86884 029 7.
- ^ a b c d Ensair, H.A.M. 2019. The biology of Boopsoidea inornata (Castelnau, 1861) and life history comparisons within the Sparidae (Thesis). Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences. University of Cape Town. Archived from the original on 2023-08-25. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d "Boopsoidea inornata Castelnau, 1861". speciesstatus.sanbi.org. December 2009. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.