The bombo criollo, or simply bombo, is a family of Latin American drums derived from the European bass drum (also called in Spanish bombo) and native Latin American drum traditions.[1] These drums are of smaller dimensions than the orchestral bass drum, and their frame can be made of wood or steel. They can be held vertically or diagonally on the body or a stand. The specific make of the instrument depends on the regional tradition. In Argentina, the bombo criollo is called bombo legüero and played in many folkloric styles. In Cuba, bombos are the largest drums played by the street comparsas in Santiago. In other countries, the term tambora is commonly used.
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The bombo should not be confused with the Puerto Rican bomba, a genre of music played with hand drums called barriles de bomba (bomba barrels), which are unrelated to the European bass drums.
Argentina
editThe bombo legüero is a common instrument in Argentine folk traditions such as zamba and chacarera. The body of the drum is made out of a hollowed tree trunk, and the head is made of animal skins.
Cuba
editThe bombo or tambora is the lowest drum used in conga santiaguera, the music of the street carnivals from Santiago de Cuba.[2][3] They are tuneable, two-headed military drums introduced in the island by the Spanish settlers.[4]
In tumba francesa and tahona, two styles imported into Oriente by Afro-Haitian slaves after the Haitian Revolution, the bass drum (slightly smaller than the bombo) is called tambora, tamborita or tambuché.[5][6]
Tamboras
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In some Latin American countries the term tambora is used to refer to bombos criollos. Nonetheless, tamboras are generally wider than other bombos criollos, possibly being an adaptation of both European bass drums (bombos) and side drums (redoblantes).[7]
Colombia and Panama
editIn Colombia and Panama, tamboras are used to play cumbia. Traditionally, this kind of tambora is played with sticks and fixed on a stand.
Dominican Republic
editIn the Dominican Republic, tamboras are two-headed drums used in merengue music.[8] They were traditionally made from salvaged rum barrels.
Mexico
editMexican tamboras have a diameter of 20 to 26 inches. There are two types of tambora in Mexican music: a traditional, with no cymbals, used in the folk ensembles tamborileros del norte, violín y tambora and jaraberos, and the one used en Mexican brass bands, as in banda sinaloense, tamborazo zacatecano and duranguense which has a cymbal over the frame and a stand for the drum. A felt mallet is used to beat the drum.
Venezuela
editThe Venezuelan tambora is played in gaita zuliana. It is a one-headed drum played with sticks. The player can sit on it or put it between his or her legs to perform rhythms on the instrument, strucking the head, the rim or the body of the drum.
References
edit- ^ Moroy, Alberto. "El origen del bombo legüero". Retrieved 17 September 2017.
- ^ Ramos Venéreo, Zobeyda (1997). "Bombos o tamboras". Instrumentos de la música folclórico-popular de Cuba, Volume 1 (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Música Cubana. p. 297. ISBN 9789590602795.
- ^ Ortiz, Fernando (1954). Los instrumentos de la música afrocubana: Los membranófonos abiertos Ñ a Z, los bimembranófonos y otros tambores especiales. Havana, Cuba: Dirección de cultura del Ministerio de Educación. p. 348.
- ^ Mauleón, Rebeca (1993). Salsa Guidebook for Piano and Ensemble. Petaluma, CA: Sher Music Co. p. 32. ISBN 9781457101410.
- ^ Ramos Venereo, Zobeyda (2007). "Haitian Traditions in Cuba". In Kuss, Malena (ed.). Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Encyclopedic History, Vol. 2. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 265–280. ISBN 9780292784987.
- ^ Mirabeu, Daniel. "Tradiciones danzario musicales de raices haitianas en el oriente cubano" (PDF). Ritmacuba (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 28, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ Brandt, Max H. (2013). "Venezuela". The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 201. ISBN 9781136095627.
- ^ Deive, Carlos Esteban (2002). Diccionario de dominicanismos (2nd ed.). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Manatí. p. 194. ISBN 9789993439073.