54°40′25″N 5°57′29″W / 54.67364°N 5.95806°W
| Bland Mayfly | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Sports aircraft |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Lillian E. Bland |
| First flight | August 1910 |
| Number built | 1 |
The Bland Mayfly was an early aircraft constructed in 1910 by Lilian E. Bland in Carnmoney in Ireland. It is credited as the first aeroplane to be designed and constructed by a woman.[1]
Background edit
Lillian E. Bland was a sports journalist and photographer. While taking a series of colour photographs of birds on an island off the west coast of Scotland in 1909, she received a postcard bearing an illustration of the Blériot XI aircraft. Already excited by the soaring flight of the gulls she was photographing, she was inspired by the postcard to attempt to construct her own aircraft.[2]
Design and development edit
Lillian Bland started construction of the Mayfly in the stables of her home during 1909, after making a series of tests with large-scale model gliders. The Mayfly was an equal-span biplane resembling the Farman III in general layout, with a front-mounted elevator and a rear-mounted empennage carried on booms.
The full size aircraft was first flown as a glider from Carnmoney Hill early in 1910, initially unmanned.[3] and with an undercarriage consisting of a pair of skids. These tests being successful, modifications were made to enable an engine to be fitted, and at the same time ailerons were fitted on the rear interplane struts.[4] Bland collected the 20 hp (15 kW) Avro engine from the Avro works in Manchester in mid 1910. When first fitted she had not received the petrol tank, and initial ground trials were conducted by feeding petrol from a whisky bottle via her aunt's ear-trumpet, the only tubing to hand.[5] Trials of the powered aircraft took place at the Deerpark in Randalstown.[6]
The completed Mayfly was a small pusher configuration equal span biplane. Ash was used for the wing spars and the skids, spruce for the ribs and interplane struts, bamboo for the booms carrying the elevator and tail surfaces and the engine mounting was American Elm.[7] The wings were covered in unbleached calico, which was laced to the wing structure, allowing it to be tightened when it stretched. [note 1] It was powered by a 20 hp (15 kW) air-cooled horizontally-opposed two-cylinder engine made by Avro, who also supplied the propeller and various metal fittings used.[8] The forward- mounted elevator was divided into two halves and carried on three pairs of converging booms: behind the wings two paired booms carried a small rectangular fixed tailplane with an elevator either side, and a small fin and rudder. The undercarriage consisted of a pair of long skids bearing a pair of unsprung wheels upon which the aircraft rested: in front of these was a large nosewheel.
Miss Bland wrote a detailed account of the Mayfly for Flight, where she estimates her expenses as totalling less than £200, despite extensive rebuilding and having to replace the propeller, broken when a wire snapped. The power installation was responsible for most of her expenses: only £3-4 was estimated as being necessary for wood, and around £6 for the wheels.[9]
The powered aircraft was first flown in August 1910, and was successfully used by Bland until early in 1911, when her father, concerned about her safety, offered to buy her a car if she gave up flying. In 2017, Sinead Morrisey recounts one of Bland's flights in her poem The Mayfly.[10][11]
Realising that the aircraft was underpowered and too frail to accept a larger engine, and having made her point that aeronautics was not a male preserve, she accepted the bribe. The engine was sold and the airframe given to a boy's club for use as a glider.[12]
Glengormley Park in Newtownabbey was renamed Lillian Bland Community Park in August 2011; at the same time a stainless-steel sculpture of the Mayfly was unveiled.[6]
Specifications edit
Data from Lewis 1962, p.127
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 23 ft 0 in (7.01 m)
- Wingspan: 27 ft 7 in (8.41 m)
- Wing area: 250 sq ft (23 m2)
- Empty weight: 200 lb (91 kg) Without engine
- Powerplant: 1 × Avro Air-cooled horizontally-opposed 2-cylinder two-stroke piston engine, 20 hp (15 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed Avro, 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) diameter
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ "Lilian Bland Remembered". BBC. 31 August 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ Lewis 1964.
- ^ Miss Lilian E. Bland's Biplane "Mayfly" Flight, 19 February 1910
- ^ Lewis 1962, p. 126.
- ^ The "Mayfly" Gets its Engine Flight 16 July 1910
- ^ a b "Renaming of Lilian Bland Community Park". Newtownabbey Borough Council. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
- ^ "The Bland Mayfly"Flight, 17 December 1910
- ^ "The Bland Mayfly" Flight, 17 December 1910
- ^ "Park renamed to celebrate Glengormley aviator". www.newtownabbeytoday.co.uk. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "On Balance by Sinéad Morrissey review". The Irish Times. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ^ Morrissey, Sinéad, 1972- (2017). On balance. Manchester. ISBN 978-1-78410-360-6. OCLC 962016326.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Lilian Bland and the MayflyFlight International 23 January 1964
Sources edit
- Lewis, Peter (1962). British Aircraft 1809-1914. London: Putnam.
- Munson, Kenneth (1969). Pioneer Aircraft 1903-1914. London: Blandford.
- Lewis, Peter (23 January 1964). Lilian Bland and the Mayfly.
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