A Bilby tower is a type of survey tower made from steel and used by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCG&S) from 1927 to 1984.[1] It is named after Jasper S. Bilby who designed it in 1926.[2] In 1927, Herbert Hoover, then the Secretary of Commerce, commended Bilby's tower "for its cost and time efficiency" and cited the surveyor's service as "essential to the United States government".[3]
History edit
Jasper S. Bilby (1864–1949) was a surveyor employed by the USC&GS from 1884 to 1937. He served as Chief Signalman of the USC&GS from 1930 to 1937. Born in Rush County, Indiana, he later moved to a homestead near Osgood.[4]
Design of the Bilby tower edit
Bilby began designing the first version of the Bilby tower in 1926 and worked with the Aermotor Windmill Company to develop the first prototypes. The tower was designed to elevate surveyors high enough to look over obstructions and to account for the curvature of the Earth in their calculations.[5] The tower was tested with positive results and Bilby received a commendation from Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover for the invention.[6]
The Bilby Tower was a massive success, saving money compared to previous options and increasing the efficiency of the USC&GS surveyors. They could be constructed and deconstructed in less than a third of the time of previous towers, were lighter, and were easier to move.[7] In 1928 alone, use of the Bilby Tower cut costs by up to 35%, and over its first ten years of use it saved the government an estimated $3,000,000 (equivalent to $52,620,690 in 2023).[6][8] Its use also spread outside the United States, reaching as far as Australia and Denmark.[6] The towers were credited by The New York Times as being "one of the greatest aids to geodetic work."[9]
Prior to the introduction of Bilby towers, surveyors would try to built towers only to the minimum functional height to minimize the resourced expended to erect a tower. Bilby towers, with their low costs and ease of setting up, made this less of an issue. The last Bilby tower erected by the National Geodetic Survey was in 1984, and it was placed near Hartford, Connecticut.[10]
Bilby's legacy edit
In 1930, Bilby was promoted to the newly created position of "Chief Signalman" of the USC&GS.[6][11] In 1932 the federal retirement age was waived to allow him to continue serving. He retired in 1937.[6] Over the course of his 53-year career, Bilby traveled over 500,000 miles across the United States.[4] Bilby died on July 18, 1949, in Batesville, Indiana.[6] The last remaining tower, at St. Charles Parish in Louisiana, was dismantled by the Surveyors Historical Society in 2012 and re-erected in 2013 at the Osgood Trails Park in Osgood, Indiana, the home town of Bilby.[12]
Features edit
The Bilby tower was designed to be used for triangulation.[13] The towers have two unconnected parts—an internal tower for mounting surveying instruments and an external tower for surveyors. This separation allowed for isolating the instruments from the vibrations induced by people, which increased the precision of measurements. It was portable, reusable and quick to assemble and dismantle.[14] Its quick erection made it possible to conduct surveying rapidly—a team of five men could assemble a steel Bilby tower in only five hours.[15]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Survey Towers: Bilby Tower". NOAA. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Bilby Towers". NOAA. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Bilby Steel Tower". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ a b Clark, Justin (March 10, 2016). "Jasper Sherman Bilby: To Map the Earth, Part I". The Indiana History Blog. Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 357–359. ISBN 978-0-375-40929-5.
- ^ a b c d e f Clark, Justin (March 14, 2016). "Jasper Sherman Bilby: To Map the Earth, Part II". The Indiana History Blog. Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ Ervin, Adrienne (1927). "Bilby Tower for Government Surveys". The Military Engineer. 19 (107): 400–401. JSTOR 44605260.
- ^ Annual Report of the Director, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey to the Secretary of Commerce for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1928 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1928. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2017.
- ^ Durham, John (September 21, 1930). "Nation's Vast Geodetic Survey to Give New Accuracy in Maps". The New York Times. pp. X14. ProQuest 98916316.
- ^ Dracup, Joseph F. "Geodetic Surveying 1940–1990". National Geodetic Survey.
- ^ Smith, Gretchen S. (May 16, 1930). "J. S. Bilby Is Urged To Continue Work". The Evening Star. p. B8. Retrieved May 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Bilby Tower Dedication Honoring Jasper Sherman Bilby - xyHt". xyHt. August 21, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Gossett, F. R. (1959). Manual of Geodetic Triangulation. U.S. Government Printing Office for the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
- ^ "Historic Traveling Bilby Tower 'Comes Home' to Osgood, Indiana". National Ocean Service. Archived from the original on July 11, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ Bowie, William (1931). "Triangulation". Scientific American. 144 (6): 369–373. JSTOR 24975698.