Benjamin Harjo Jr. (Absentee Shawnee/Seminole, September 14, 1945 – May 20, 2023) was a Native American painter and printmaker based in Oklahoma.[1]
Benjamin Harjo Jr. | |
|---|---|
 Harjo at the Heard Museum Fair | |
| Born | September 19, 1945 Clovis, New Mexico, U.S. |
| Died | May 20, 2023 (aged 77) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Nationality | Absentee Shawnee, American |
| Education | Institute of American Indian Arts |
| Alma mater | BFA Oklahoma State University |
| Known for | Native American art, American art |
| Spouse | Barbara C. Harjo |
| Website | benjaminharjojr |
Background
editBenjamin Harjo, Jr. was an enrolled citizen of the Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma and a descended of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma. His ancestry was half-Seminole and half-Shawnee. Harjo's father was the late Benjamin Harjo Sr., a full-blood Seminole. Harjo's mother, Viola Harjo, was from Byng, Oklahoma. Her father was William F. Harjo, who graduated from Chilocco Indian School in 1939. His maternal grandparents were Emmett and Ruth Wood.[2]
Harjo Jr. was born on September 19, 1945, in Clovis, New Mexico.[1] After his parents divorced, Viola married Roman Harjo (1924–2006), in 1954 at Clovis; he became the stepfather of Benjamin Jr.[3]
The name Harjo means "crazy" in the Muskogee language, which was spoken by both the Muscogee and the Seminole. The word is part of a military title, Chitto Harjo, meaning "crazy snake".[4]
After his family moved back to Oklahoma, Harjo lived with his maternal grandparents from the age of 10 to 18.[2]
Education and military service
editHarjo's first passion was drawing comics, and he sold comics to his high school newspaper. Interested in pursuing a professional career in cartoon animation, Harjo went to the Institute of American Indian Arts in 1966. There he discovered that they had discontinued their animation program at IAIA.[5] He expanded his studies and earned his Associate of Arts degree. His classmates included T. C. Cannon and Linda Lomahaftewa, who have become noted artists. Seymour Tubis was his most influential teacher, and taught him low-tech but highly effective printmaking techniques.[6]
In 1969 Harjo was drafted into the US Army; he served honorably in the Vietnam War[2] from 1969 to 1971.[1]
Upon his release from the military, Harjo continued his art education. He attended Oklahoma State University and graduated with a BFA degree in 1974.[7]
Style
edit
Harjo typically painted geometric forms composed of blocks of highly saturated color that form both abstract and highly stylized representational figures. The mosaic nature of his painting is reminiscent of Seminole patchwork clothing. He also worked in pen and ink, allowing his comic influences to show through. Through printmaking, Harjo was able to experiment with texture and subtler palettes. His work is known for its humor, either in comical imagery or in witty titles.
His smallest miniature paintings were not much larger than postage stamp but still featured highly detailed portraits.[8] Harjo's chosen media was gouache on paper but he also used oil, acrylic, watercolor, conté crayons, pencil, pen and ink, pastel, printmaking,[1] and occasionally sculpture.[9]
Harjo said: "When you're traveling down the highway, you see an image whether it's dirt on the back of a truck or a splat on a windshield or two birds sitting by the side of the road picking at something. All those things have inspired me at some point in my creativity."[2]
Harjo summarized his artistic philosophy: "It has always been my contention that one's art speaks from the soul of the artist and remains viable and open to the influences of the artist's environment. Forms, colors, and movement keep it from stagnating and allow it to grow as the artist matures and develops. I feel that my art covers a wide range of emotions, from serious to humorous, and that the colors I used radiate a sense of happiness and joy."[9]
Personal life and death
editBenjamin Harjo lived in Oklahoma City[9] with his wife, Barbara C. Harjo, a curator, gardener, and businesswoman.
Harjo died on May 20, 2023, at the age of 77.[10]
Public collections
editHis artwork can be found in many public collections, including the following:
- Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma
- Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art, Shawnee, Oklahoma
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma
- US Embassy, Mogadishu, Somalia[1][11]
- Sequoyah National Research Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Oklahoma State University Museum of Art Stillwater, Oklahoma
Awards and honors
editHarjo was the 2005 poster artist for SWAIA's Santa Fe Indian Market.[7] He has consistently worn top awards there, including Best of Show, since 1983.
In 1987 he won the Red Earth Grand Award. He was the 1993 Heard Museum's 34th Annual Featured Artist, the Featured Artist in 1992 and 1993 for the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian's Annual Aspen Benefit, and the Gold Medal Award at the 1990 American Indian Cowboy Artists Wichita Show.[12]
Oklahoma Governor David Walters honored Harjo for his selection by Absolut Vodka to represent Oklahoma in its USA Today advertising campaign.
Exhibitions
edit- 1992, Franco-American Institute in Rennes, France.[12]
- In 1991, the Wichita Art Museum held a solo exhibition of his work.[11]
- 1991, the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian hosted a major retrospective of Harjo's work, entitled The Earth, the Moon, and the Stars Above.
- January 2010, solo exhibition at Oklahoma State University: Harjo donated all proceeds of his art sales to OSU's Art Department.[13]
- 2023: Patterns of Knowing at Oklahoma Contemporary in Oklahoma City, three-person exhibition, May 18 – October 23, 2023.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Lester, 220-1
- ^ a b c d Painter, Bryan. Going Home: Ben Harjo Jr. 'NewsOK'. November 23, 2007 (August 30, 2009)
- ^ Guin, Wayne. "Obituaries December 12, 2006." Ada Evening News.[permanent dead link] December 12, 2006 (August 30, 2009).
- ^ Chitto Harjo. Archived July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Chronicles of Oklahoma. Volume 13, Number 2, Page 139. June 1935 (retrieved August 30, 2009)
- ^ Little Thunder, 7
- ^ Little Thunder, 10
- ^ a b Smiley, Lori and Stephanie Lusher. "Ben Harjo Jr." Archived May 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 'NDN Art Gallery.' (retrieved August 30, 2009)
- ^ Little Thunder, 33-39.
- ^ a b c McFadden and Taubman, 113
- ^ "Oklahoma Native American artist Benjamin Harjo Jr. dies". Fox 23. May 21, 2023. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
- ^ a b McFadden and Taubman, 245
- ^ a b Benjamin Harjo Jr. Mittie Cooper Gallery. (retrieved August 30, 2009)
- ^ "OSU Alumnus Gives Back, Shows Art on Campus: Benjamin Harjo Jr. exhibiting, selling "Art and Soul."[permanent dead link] Oklahoma State University Foundation News. (retrieved January 22, 2010)
- ^ "Patterns of Knowing". Oklahoma Contemporary. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
Sources
edit- Lester, Patrick D. The Biographical Directory of Native American Painters. Norman: Oklahoma University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8061-9936-9.
- Little Thunder, Julie Pearson. The Earth, the Moon, and the Stars Above: Benjamin Harjo Jr. Santa Fe: Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, 2004. ASIN B000KIT8QO.
- McFadden, David Revere and Ellen Napiura Taubman. Changing Hands: Art without Reservation 2: Contemporary Native North American Art from the West, Northwest & Pacific. New York: Museum of Arts and Design, 2005. ISBN 1-890385-11-5.
External links
edit- Benjamin Harjo Jr.: American Indian Artist, official website
- The Earth, the Moon, and the Stars Above: Benjamin Harjo Jr., Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
- Benjamin Harjo Jr.: We Are a Landscape of All We Know, OSU Museum of Art
- Celebrated artist and OSU alumnus Benjamin Harjo Jr. dies at 77, OSU
- Oral History Interview with Benjamin Harjo Jr., Oklahoma State University Native Artists Oral History Project