The Bell Ranch Formation is a Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) geologic formation in eastern and northeastern New Mexico and the western Oklahoma panhandle. Fossil theropod tracks have been reported from the formation.[1][2]
| Bell Ranch Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Kimmeridgian ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | San Rafael Group |
| Underlies | Morrison Formation |
| Overlies | Exeter Sandstone |
| Thickness | 66 feet (20 m) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Siltstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 35°18′14″N 103°53′12″W / 35.3040°N 103.8867°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 31°30′N 49°42′W / 31.5°N 49.7°W |
| Region | New Mexico Oklahoma |
| Country |  United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Bell Ranch |
| Named by | Griggs and Read |
| Year defined | 1959 |
  Bell Ranch Formation (the United States)  Bell Ranch Formation (New Mexico) | |
Description edit
At the type section near Tucumcari, the formation consists of alternating beds of light gray sandstone and brownish red siltstone. Bed thicknesses vary from 2–10 feet (0.61–3.05 m), distinguishing the unit from the massive sandstone of the underlying Exeter Sandstone and poorly bedded sediments of the overlying Morrison Formation. Small gypsum nodules are present in the upper beds. Thickness is up to 66 feet (20 m).[3] Further north, in the valley of the Dry Cimarron, the facies changes to dark mudstone with no cycles and more abundant gypsum. Here the thickness is no more than 8 meters (26 ft).[4]
Fossil content edit
The formation contains sandy track beds which are "mud-cracked" with finer brownish silty interbeds and an overlying conglomeratic sandstone which fills the mudcracks of the upper bed.[5] Three trackways of large dinosaurs are present.[2]
- Ichnofossils
History of investigation edit
The beds making up the unit were originally assigned to the Wanakah Formation, but were renamed by Griggs and Read in 1959 for exposures at Carpenter's Point, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Tucumcari.[3] The correlation with the Wanakah is uncertain.[6] In 1987, Conrad et al. correlated the "brown-silt member" assigned by Baldwin and Muehlberger to the Morrison Formation in the valley of the Dry Cimarron[7] to the Bell Ranch Formation.[2]
In 1992, Anderson and Lucas advocated abandoning the Bell Ranch Formation in favor of the Summerville Formation.[8] However, this has not be universally accepted.[4]
See also edit
References edit
Bibliography edit
- "Carrizo tracksite". Fossilworks.org. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- Ziegler, Kate E.; Ramos, Frank C.; Zimmerer, Matthew J. (2019). "Geology of Northeastern New Mexico, union and Colfax Counties, New Mexico: A Geologic Summary" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series. 70 (4): 47–54. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria, 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–880. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
- Anderson, O.J.; Lucas, Spencer G. (November 1992). "The Middle Jurassic Summeruille Formation, northern New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Geology. 14 (4): 79–92. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- Conrad, Kelly; Lockley, Martin G.; Prince, Nancy K. (1987). "Triassic and Jurassic vertebrate-dominated trace fossil assemblages of the Cimarron Valley region--Implications for paleoecology and biostratigraphy" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series. 38: 127–138. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- Scott, G.R. (1986). "Geologic and structure contour map of the Springer 30' x 60' quadrangle, Colfax, Harding, Mora, and Union Counties, New Mexico". U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map. I-1705. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- Griggs, R.L.; Read, C.B. (1959). "Revisions in Stratigraphic Nomenclature in Tucumcari-Sabinoso Area, Northeastern New Mexico: GEOLOGICAL NOTES". AAPG Bulletin. 43. doi:10.1306/0BDA5E8E-16BD-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
- Baldwin, Brewster; Muehlberger, W.R. (1959). "Geologic studies of Union County, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin. 63 (2). Retrieved 1 September 2020.
Further reading edit
- Lockley, M. G (1986). "A Guide to Dinosaur Tracksites of the Colorado Plateau and American Southwest". University of Colorado at Denver Geology Department Magazine. 1: 1–56.