Basfia is a monotypic genus of bacterium from the Pasteurellaceae family, first described in 2010.[1] Its only species, Basfia succiniciproducens, is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and immobile bacterium.[2] It was first isolated from bovine rumen in 2008.[3][4] Its ability to produce relatively large quantities of succinic acid through fermentation in biomass hydrolysates is potentially important for industrial biotechnology.[5]
| Basfia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Pasteurellales |
| Family: | Pasteurellaceae |
| Genus: | Basfia Kuhnert et al. 2010 |
| Species: | B. succiniciproducens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Basfia succiniciproducens Kuhnert et al. 2010
| |
Features
editIts beneficial features include broad facultative anaerobic metabolism, genetic tractability, and substrate utilization.[5] The bacterium is cocci to rod-shaped and, like all Pasteurellaceae, has no flagella, i.e., it cannot actively move. The bacterium is gram-negative, i.e., it only has a thin, single-layer murein envelope that does not contain any teichoic acids. Information on individual cell sizes is not scientifically documented. Colonies reach a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 millimeters after 24 hours of growth and are colored translucent gray.[6]
Basfia succiniciproducens, like the majority of Pseudomonadota, was characterized solely by physiological or biochemical features, while it has no eidonomic features compared to other species and genera of the Pasteurellaceae. The first description fulfills the minimum standards applicable for characterizing a new species and genus within the Pasteurellaceae.[7][8]
All known strains anaerobically produce significant amounts of succinic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid as metabolic products during fermentation.
Isolation
editThe bacterium was isolated during a screening for bacteria from the rumen of domestic cattle that are potentially useful in succinic acid production. It was first isolated in 2008, but its scientific description was made available in 2009.[4] However, according to information from Kuhnert et al. 2009, it was not validly described.[2]
Characteristics
editB. succiniciproducens can be cultivated biotechnologically both on the classic fermentation medium glucose (sugar syrup, starch) and on glycerine. Glycerin is obtained as raw glycerin in the production of rapeseed methyl ester (biodiesel) in large quantities and is therefore available as an inexpensive raw material for combined use.[9]
In 2008, Scholten was able to achieve yields of up to 5.8 g/L succinic acid based on D-glucose and sucrose with the newly isolated and at the time not yet described bacterium, with a productivity of up to 1.5 g/L 1·h, and the yield was a maximum of 0.6 grams of succinic acid per gram of substrate. They achieved yields of 8.4 g/L, 0.9 g/L·h, and 1.2 g/g substrate with raw glycerol.[10] In comparison with other bacteria, particularly Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, Escherichia coli, and Actinobacillus succinogenes, the maximum yield per liter is comparatively low, but the yield based on the substrate input and the productivity are comparable and can also be optimized by optimizing the logs. Bacteria based on raw glycerin as a substrate, for which the first approaches to continuous cultivation are in development, show particularly good properties.[9]
Application of succinic acid
editSuccinic acid is a chemical with an annual demand of around 15,000 tons. It is conventionally produced based on butadiene and n-butane with maleic anhydride as an intermediate. It is primarily used as a basis for various chemical and pharmaceutical industries (tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butanediol, etc.) and bio-based plastics such as polyamides (PA), polyesters, co-polyesters, and polyesteramides. Succinic acid is of interest as a biotechnologically manufactured product, and the market potential of several hundred thousand tons is forecasted.[11] Together with other representatives of the C4-dicarboxylic acids, such as fumaric and malic acid, the US Department of Energy identified succinic acid in 2004 as one of twelve platform chemicals with particular biotechnological manufacturing potential.[11][12]
Various other potential succinic acid producers have been examined, such as Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens,[11] Escherichia coli, Mannheimia succiniciproducens,[13] and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metabolic engineering for the production of high quantities of succinic acid should be optimized.[14]
References
edit- ^ "Genus: Basfia". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
- ^ a b Kuhnert, Peter; Scholten, Edzard; Haefner, Stefan; Mayor, Désirée; Frey, Joachim (2010). "Basfia succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from bovine rumen". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.011809-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 19648315.
- ^ "CCUG 57335T - Basfia succiniciproducens". www.ccug.se. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ a b "Renewable all-rounder - BASF Intermediates". www.intermediates.basf.com. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ a b Salvachúa, Davinia; Smith, Holly; St. John, Peter C.; Mohagheghi, Ali; Peterson, Darren J.; Black, Brenna A.; Dowe, Nancy; Beckham, Gregg T. (2016-08-01). "Succinic acid production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate by Basfia succiniciproducens". Bioresource Technology. 214: 558–566. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.018. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 27179951.
- ^ Kuhnert, Peter; Scholten, Edzard; Haefner, Stefan; Mayor, Désirée; Frey, Joachim (January 2010). "Basfia succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from bovine rumen". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (Pt 1): 44–50. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.011809-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 19648315.
- ^ "Taxonomy browser (Basfia succiniciproducens)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ Christensen, Henrik; Kuhnert, Peter; Busse, Hans-Jürgen; Frederiksen, Wilhelm C.; Bisgaard, Magne (2007). "Proposed minimal standards for the description of genera, species and subspecies of the Pasteurellaceae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 57 (1): 166–178. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64838-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 17220461.
- ^ a b Scholten, Edzard; Renz, Torsten; Thomas, Jochen (2009-08-25). "Continuous cultivation approach for fermentative succinic acid production from crude glycerol by Basfia succiniciproducens DD1". Biotechnology Letters. 31 (12): 1947–51. doi:10.1007/s10529-009-0104-4. ISSN 1573-6776. PMID 19705071. S2CID 19513810.
- ^ Scholten, Edzard; Dägele, Dirk (2008-12-01). "Succinic acid production by a newly isolated bacterium". Biotechnology Letters. 30 (12): 2143–2146. doi:10.1007/s10529-008-9806-2. ISSN 1573-6776. PMID 18651227. S2CID 37454098.
- ^ a b c Bechthold, I.; Bretz, K.; Kabasci, S.; Kopitzky, R.; Springer, A. (2008). "Succinic Acid: A New Platform Chemical for Biobased Polymers from Renewable Resources". Chemical Engineering & Technology. 31 (5): 647–654. doi:10.1002/ceat.200800063. ISSN 1521-4125.
- ^ Werpy, T.; Petersen, G. (2004-08-01). "Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass: Volume I -- Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas". OSTI 15008859.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Lee, Sang Yup; Kim, Ji Mahn; Song, Hyohak; Lee, Jeong Wook; Kim, Tae Yong; Jang, Yu-Sin (2008-05-01). "From genome sequence to integrated bioprocess for succinic acid production by Mannheimia succiniciproducens". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 79 (1): 11–22. doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1424-3. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 18340442. S2CID 39515715.
- ^ Sánchez, Ailen M.; Bennett, George N.; San, Ka-Yiu (2005-05-01). "Novel pathway engineering design of the anaerobic central metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli to increase succinate yield and productivity". Metabolic Engineering. 7 (3): 229–239. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2005.03.001. ISSN 1096-7176. PMID 15885621.