Barthélemy Lafon (1769–1820) was a notable French architect, engineer, city planner, and surveyor in New Orleans, Louisiana. He appears to have had a double life, as a respectable architect, engineer, and citizen; but also as a privateer, smuggler, and pirate. In later life his association with piracy, specifically with Jean Lafitte and Pierre Lafitte became public knowledge.[1]
Life and career
editLafon was born in Villepinte, France, and traveled to New Orleans around 1790. He designed several public buildings, including public baths (plans submitted in 1797, but the bath house was never built)[2] and a lighthouse, and numerous private homes (including the Benachi cotton brokers' house and the Vincent Rillieux house).[3][4]
After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, with the Mississippi River open to free trade, land owners just upriver from the Vieux Carré realized that the old quarter dominated by the Spanish and French could not contain the great number of Americans who were now flocking to the city, and they retained Lafon to subdivide their property and create an American suburb. From 1806 to 1809, Lafon also served as deputy surveyor of Orleans Parish, during the territorial period prior to statehood.
He prepared elaborate plans for what is today known as the Lower Garden District. His designs crossed the boundaries of five plantations (Soule, LaCourse, Annunciation, Nuns, and Panis), to include all properties up to Felicity Street. A lover of the classics, Lafon named his streets after the nine muses of Greek mythology: Calliope, Clio, Erato, Thalia, Melpomene, Terpsichore, Euterpe, Polymnia, and Urania.[5] His sophisticated plan featuring tree-lined canals, fountains, churches, markets, a grand classical school, and a coliseum; but few of these features were ever realized. However, the grid pattern of streets survives, as do the parks and some of the street names leading to Coliseum Square.[6] In 2014-15, one of the neighborhood association's projects was to restore the Lafon Fountain in Coliseum Square (installed c.1976), with plans to restore two other nearby fountains.[7]
Parts of the Bywater and Bayou St. John neighborhoods were also planned by Lafon. His professional services included mapmaking, designing the plan for Donaldsonville in 1806,[8] and surveying and recommending improvements to the fortifications of New Orleans during the War of 1812.
Lafon had a long-term relationship with Modeste Foucher, a free woman of color. When Lafon wrote his will in 1809, he acknowledged two mixed-race children he had with Foucher, Pierre Barthélemy and Carmélite. Thomy Lafon, a Creole of color who was the son of Modeste Foucher, was likely named after Barthélemy Lafon, although Thomy's father was Pierre Larande.[9][10][11]
As a businessman and investor, Lafon became a rich man and was noted for his philanthropy. However, after the Battle of New Orleans early in 1815, he did not resume his architectural career. Instead, he turned to piracy and smuggling, working in league with the notorious brothers, Pierre (1770–1821) and Jean Lafitte (c.1780–c.1823).
Lafon died of yellow fever in New Orleans on September 29, 1820, and was buried in Saint Louis Cemetery Number 1.
See also
edit- CARTE Museum, whose collection includes maps by Barthelemy Lafon
- List of streets of New Orleans
References
edit- ^ The Garden District of New Orleans - Page 19 Jim Fraiser - 2012 "For this task, Foucher hired Barthélemy Lafon, a Creole architect, former U.S. Army consulting engineer, business partner of pirate Jean Lafitte, and deputy city surveyor of Orleans Parish. Lafon proposed the same type grid plan for this ..."
- ^ Louisiana Timeline Archived 2007-02-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Cotton Brokers' Houses
- ^ Early Creole Homes. Retrieved: 25 August 2015
- ^ Lower Garden District history Archived July 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Coliseum Square: A Grand Renaissance
- ^ Coliseum Square Association fountain restoration Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 16 April 2015.
- ^ Historic Donaldsonville Museum Archived December 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Smith, Frederick D. (2006). "Thomy Lafon". In Jessie Carney Smith (ed.). Encyclopedia of African American business. Vol. 2 K-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 447–449. ISBN 0-313-33111-1. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
- ^ Ingham, John N.; Feldman, Lynne B. (1994). "Lafon, Thomy". African-American business leaders: a biographical dictionary. 1993. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 410–414. ISBN 0-313-27253-0. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
- ^ Dictionary of Louisiana Biography Archived 2012-02-25 at the Wayback Machine of Louisiana Historical Association
Further reading
editEdwards, Jay D; Fandrich, Ina; Richardson, Gabriele (2019). Barthélemy Lafon in New Orleans 1792 – 1820 (PDF). New Orleans: Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
External links
edit- Barthelemy Lafon at Find a Grave
- Barthélémy Lafon in the KnowLouisiana encyclopedia; article published 2012.
- Barthélémy Lafon in the Louisiana Dictionary of Biography – Scroll down to find Lafon.
- Barthélémy Lafon Survey Books at The Historic New Orleans Collection
