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Banjani (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањани) was a tribe of Vlach origin in Old Herzegovina, and historical region in western Montenegro. Its territory comprises 380 km2 (150 sq mi), west of Nikšić, in the centre between Nikšić and Bileća, from the top of Njegoš mountain to the Trebišnjica river, and on to the Bileća Lake. All Banjani families have Jovanjdan (St. John's feast day, January 20) as their slava (a Serbian Orthodox tradition).
History
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The first written mention of the Banjani is in 1319.[1] Some scholars argued that the name could derive from balnea (sr. banja), which means "bath" or "spa".[1][2] According to oral tradition, the tribal name comes from Banjska in Kosovo from where they migrated.[1]
Sir Arthur Evans noted that the Banjani were mentioned as Vlachs in Herzegovina and Montenegro of the Middle Ages in Ragusan reports and Serbian chrysobulls.[3][1] In Herzegovina were situated on the territory of Jezera and Piva.[4] At the end of 14th century katunar (head of the tribe) was Jurek Junaković, later Herak Draženović of Radovan (1412), a certain Nenad (1432), and so on.[5] Initially vassals of Pavlović (1430), in 1444 and 1463 they were recorded as vassals of Stjepan Vukčić Kosača.[5] They are mentioned in mid-15th century documents from the Bay of Kotor.[6]
At the time of the Ottoman occupation in 1466, the Banjani became part of southeastern Sanjak of Herzegovina. During occupation many Vlachs, including from Banjani, collaborated with the Ottomans as slave agents.[7]
In Jovan Radonjić's letter from 1789. to Queen Catherine II. in asking for support from Empress of Russia for the Serbs from different tribes and regions, Banjani were also included.[8][9]
Banjani society
editAccording to ethnologists, the basic cell for the development of the tribe was the katun.[4] The semi-nomadic people bred cattle in the summer on the mountain in the summer pasture and in the winter in the rural village on the bay. These cattle were inherited from Vlachs, Romans, Illyrians and other Balkan natives. One pasture would serve about 20 houses, and families were headed by katunar.[4]
Notable people
edit- Novak Kilibarda, Montenegrin politician and writer, born in Banjani
- Mirko Kovač, Yugoslav writer, born in Petrovići
- Miljan Miljanić, Yugoslav footballer, coach and administrator, family from Banjani
- Jorge Capitanich, Argentine politician, by paternal descent
See also
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- Grahovljani, Historical region
- Vlachs in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Montenegrin clans
References
edit- ^ a b c d Kovijanić 1974, p. 163.
- ^ Vucinich 1975, p. 24: "Katun Banjani (Banja) which probably derived from banja"
- ^ Arthur Evans, Bejtullah D. Destani (ed.), Ancient Illyria: an archaeological exploration, reprint, I.B.Tauris, 2007, p. 35
- ^ a b c Kurtović 2011, p. 669.
- ^ a b Kurtović 2011, p. 670.
- ^ Kovijanić 1974, p. 164–166.
- ^ Krešić, Milenko (2010). "Depopulacija jugoistočne Hercegovine izazvana turskim osvajanjem" [The depopulation of south-eastern Herzegovina caused by the Turkish conquest]. Povijesni Prilozi (Historical Contributions) (in Croatian). 39 (39). Zagreb: Croatian Institute of History: 117–118.
- ^ Vukčević 1981, p. 46
... да Бан>ани, Дробн>аци, Кучи, Пи- пери, Б)елопавлићи, Зепани, Васо^евићи, Братоножићи нијесу Црно- горци. Они су сви поменути само као регионални односно географски и племенски појмови а никако као етничка категорща, при чему се ш^му Црна Гора не даје никакво преимућство над другима, осим што ^е Црна Гора ставлена на прво мјесто.
- ^ Vujovic 1987, p. 172
1788. год. пише Иван Радоњић, црногорски губернатор, руској царици Катарини II.: „Сада ми сви Срби Црногорци молимо вашу царску милост да пошљете к нама књаза Софронија Југовића“." 1789. год. пише опет Иван Радоњић, црногорски губернатор, руској царици: „Сад ми сви Срби из Црне Горе, Херцеговине, Бањана, Дробњака, Куча, Пипера, Бjeлопавлића, Зете, Климената, Васојевића, Братоножића, Пећи, Косова, Призрена, Арбаније, Маћедоније припадамо вашему величанству и молимо, да као милостива наша мајка пошљете к нама књаза Софронија Југовића
Sources
edit- Kovijanić, Risto (1974). Crnogorska plemena u kotorskim spomenicima (XIV–XVI vijek) [Montenegrin tribes in Bay of Kotor records (XIV–XVI century)]. Titograd: Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore.
- Kurtović, Esad (2011). "Seniori hercegovačkih vlaha". Hum i Hercegovina kroz povijest. Zbornik radova s međunarodnoga znanstvenog skupa održanog u Mostaru 5. i 6. studenoga 2009 (in Croatian). Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest. Archived from the original on 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
- Momčilo S. Mićović: Mićovići iz Banjana u svom vremenu, Beograd, 2001.
- Momčilo S. Mićović: Prigradina u vremenu i prostoru, Beograd 2007
- Svetozar Tomić: Banjani, Beograd, SANU, 1949.
- Slobodan Raičević: Spomenici u staroj župi Onogošt, Beograd, 1992.
- Dimitrije-Dimo Vujovic, Prilozi izucavanju crnogorskog nacionalnog pitanja /The Research of the Montenegrin Nationality/ (Niksic: Univerzitetska rijec, 1987), p. 172.