The BABEL speech corpus is a corpus of recorded speech materials from five Central and Eastern European languages. Intended for use in speech technology applications, it was funded by a grant from the European Union and completed in 1998. It is distributed by the European Language Resources Association.
Development of the BABEL Project
editFollowing the creation of a speech corpus of European Union languages by the SAM project, funding was granted by the European Union for the creation along similar lines of a speech corpus of languages of Central and Eastern Europe, with the name of BABEL.
The initial impetus came from the SAM (Speech Assessment Methods) project funded by the European Union as ESPRIT Project #1541 in 1987–89.[1] This project was conducted by an international group of phoneticians, and was applied in the first instance to the European Communities languages Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, and Italian (by 1989). SAM produced many speech research tools (including the SAMPA computer-based phonetic transcription which was also used for the BABEL project) and a corpus of recorded speech material distributed on CD-ROM.[2] A proposal was made to the European Union under the Copernicus initiative in 1994, with the objective of creating a corpus of spoken Bulgarian, Estonian, Hungarian, Polish and Romanian, and Grant #1304 was awarded for this. A pilot project to create a small corpus of spoken Bulgarian was carried out jointly by the Universities of Sofia (Bulgaria) and Reading (U.K.).[3] The initial meeting of the whole project team took place at the University of Reading in 1995.
Recorded material
editSince the objective was to produce material suitable for use in speech technology applications, the digital recordings were made in strictly controlled conditions in recording studios. For each language the material had the following composition:
- Many-talker set: 30 males and 30 females each read 100 numbers, 3 connected-speech passages and 5 "filler" sentences (to provide further instances of some items) or 4 passages if no fillers were needed.
- Few-talker set: 5 males and 5 females, normally selected from the above group, each read 5 blocks of 100 numbers, 15 passages and 25 filler sentences, plus 5 lists of syllables.
- Very-few-talker set: 1 male and 1 female selected from the above read 5 blocks of syllables, with and without carrier sentences.
Membership of the BABEL Project
editProject Director: Peter Roach (University of Reading)
Project leaders in Central and Eastern Europe
editBulgaria: initially, A. Misheva until her death in 1995, then S. Dimitrova (University of Sofia).
Estonia: E. Meister (University of Tallinn)
Hungary: K. Vicsi (Technical University of Budapest)
Poland: R. Gubrynowicz (Polish Academy of Sciences) and W. Gonet (University of Lublin)
Romania: M. Boldea (University of Timișoara)
Project members in Western Europe
editFrance: L. Lamel (LIMSI, Paris); A. Marchal (CNRS)
Germany : W. Barry (Saarland University); K. Marasek (University of Stuttgart)
United Kingdom: J. Wells (University College London); P. Roach (University of Reading)
Project outcomes
editAn intermediate project assessment meeting was held in Lublin, Poland, in 1996. Work then continued until a final assessment and presentation of outcomes in Granada, Spain, at the First International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, in 1998.[4] The project was completed in December 1998. The resulting set of corpora was then supplied to the European Language Resources Association. ELRA is exclusively responsible for distributing the material to users via their website.[5]
At the time of its completion, BABEL was the largest high-quality speech database available for research purposes in languages such as Hungarian[6] and Estonian.[7] It has been used for research into topics such as pronunciation modeling[6] and automatic speech recognition.[8] The project was also part of what has been called the most significant recent development in corpus linguistics – the increasing range of languages covered by corpus data, which promises to bring to a wider range of languages the benefits that corpus linguistics has brought to the study of Western European languages.[9]
References
edit- ^ D. Chan, A. Fourcin, D. Gibbon, B. Granstrom, M. Huckvale, G. Kokkinakis, K. Kvale, L. Lamel, B. Lindberg, A. Moreno, J. Mouropoulos, F. Senia, I. Trancoso, C. Veld & J. Zeiliger, "EUROM – A Spoken Language Resource for the EU", in Eurospeech'95, Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Speech Communication and Speech Technology. Madrid, Spain, 18–21 September 1995. Vol 1, pp. 867-870
- ^ "EUROM1 – Multilingual Speech Corpus". University College London. Retrieved 2015-01-19.
- ^ Misheva, A., Dimitrova, S., Filipov, V., Grigorova, E., Nikov, M., Roach, P. and Arnfield, S. ‘Bulgarian Speech Database: a pilot study’, Proceedings of Eurospeech ‘95, Madrid, vol. 1, pp.859-862 (1995)
- ^ Roach, P., S.Arnfield, W.Barry, S.Dimitrova, M.Boldea, A.Fourcin, W.Gonet, R.Gubrynowicz, E.Hallum, L.Lamel, K.Marasek, A.Marchal, E.Meister, K.Vicsi (1998). ‘BABEL: A Database Of Central And Eastern European Languages’, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, eds. A. Rubio et al, Granada, Vol. 1, pp. 371-4.
- ^ "Search results for: babel". European Language Resources Association. Retrieved 2015-01-18.
- ^ a b Fegyó, Tibor; Péter Mihajlik; Péter Tatai; Géza Gordos (2001). "Pronunciation modeling in Hungarian number recognition." In INTERSPEECH, pp. 1465-1468.
- ^ Alumae, Tanel (2004). Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition for Estonian using morpheme classes. INTERSPEECH, Jeju, Korea. pp. 389–392.
- ^ Mihajlik, Péter; Révész, Tibor; Tatai, Péter (2002-11-01). "Phonetic transcription in automatic speech recognition" (PDF). Acta Linguistica Hungarica. 49 (3): 407–425. doi:10.1556/ALing.49.2002.3-4.9.
- ^ McEnery, Tony (2001). Corpus Linguistics: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 188. ISBN 9780748611652.