"Atingkok" (Meitei: ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ) (literally, "father void"[1]) is the Supreme Creator God of the universe in Meitei mythology and religion.[2][3][4] He is regarded as the legendary male ancestor of the living beings on the earth.[5]
| Atingkok | |
|---|---|
Supreme Creator God King of the Heaven and God of the Sky | |
| Member of Primordial deities | |
 "Atingkok" is represented by the Meitei numerical letter "꯱" ("Ama", meaning "One"). | |
| Other names | Names of the Supreme God in Meitei religion |
| Meitei | ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ |
| Affiliation | Meitei religion (Sanamahism) |
| Abode | Everywhere |
| Weapons | Thunderbolt, spear, polo stick |
| Texts | Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya, Khongjomnubi Nongarol, Konthoujam Nongarol, Leisemlon, Leithak Leikharol, Sakok Lamlen, Tutenglon |
| Gender | Male |
| Region | Ancient Manipur |
| Ethnic group | Meitei ethnicity |
| Festivals | Lai Haraoba |
| Genealogy | |
| Consorts | Leimarel Sidabi, Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi |
| Children | |
| Equivalents | |
| Greek | Zeus |
| Hindu | Vishnu, Indra |
| Roman | Jupiter |
Names
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In Sanamahism (Meitei religion), Atingkok, the Supreme God is known with 1000 names as mentioned in multiple Meitei scriptures. In Sanamahism, the Supreme God, himself, is the Creator of the Universe as well as the King of the Heaven. He is also the God of the Sky. He is the one who controls weather, rain, thunder and lightning.[6]
| English Translations | Classical Meitei | Transliteration (including different spellings) |
|---|---|---|
| "The Round Hemisphere"[7] or "The Endless Sky" or "The Eternal one"[8] | ꯀꯨꯂꯨ (ꯀꯨꯔꯨ) | Kulu (Kuru) |
| "The Supreme Breeder"[9] | ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯟ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟ (ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯜ, ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ, ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯜ) | Salailen (Salailel, Salairen or Salairel) |
| "Immortal Master" or "Eternal God" or "Immortal God"[6][10][11] | ꯁꯤꯇꯄ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯁꯤꯗꯕ ꯃꯄꯨ) | Sitapa Mapu (Sidaba Mapu) |
| "King of the Gods"[12] | ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯔꯦꯟ/ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯔꯦꯜ | Soraren/Sorarel |
| "King of the Gods" | ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ (ꯂꯥꯏ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ) | Lai Ningthou |
| "High God" | ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯄ/ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ | Lai Awangpa/Lai Awangba |
| "King of the Sky" or "King of the Rains" | ꯅꯣꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Nong Ningthou |
| "King of the Gods" | ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Chingu Ningthou/Chi-ngoo Ningthou |
| "Divine King with flawless aim" | ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯆꯨꯝꯄ (ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯖꯨꯝꯕ) | Chingu Ningthou/Chi-ngoo Ningthou Paanchumpa (Paanjumba) |
| "Master of the Universe"[13] | ꯇꯥꯏꯄꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ/ꯇꯥꯢꯄꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ/ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ) | Taipang Mapu (Taibang Mapu) |
| "Master of the Universe" | ꯇꯦꯡꯄꯥꯟꯄ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯄꯨ) | Tengpanpa Mapu (Tengbanba Mapu) |
| "King of Thunder and Lightning" | ꯈꯥꯛꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Khaakpa Ningthou/Khakpa Ningthou |
| "King of the Gods" | ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ | Khoyum Ningthou |
| "The Supreme Soul"[14] | ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯂꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯂꯦꯜ (ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯂꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯂꯦꯟ, ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯔꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯔꯦꯜ, ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯔꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯔꯦꯟ) | Yaipilel (Yaipilen, Yaipirel, Yaipiren) |
| "The Supreme Soul"[14] | ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯂꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯦꯜ (ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯂꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯦꯟ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯔꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯔꯦꯜ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ) | Yaibilel (Yaibilen, Yaibirel, Yaibiren) |
| "Supreme Grandfather" | ꯏꯄꯨꯂꯣꯢ/ꯏꯄꯨꯂꯣꯏ (ꯏꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢ/ꯏꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏ) | Eepuloi (Eepuroi) |
| ꯑꯆꯤꯄ/ꯑꯆꯤꯕ | Achipa/Achiba | |
| ꯑꯇꯤꯛꯉꯥ | Atik-ngaa | |
| "The Void" or "An empty space"[15] | ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ | Atingkok |
| "The Sky"[12][16] | ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ | Atiya |
| "High" | ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯄ/ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ | Awangpa/Awangba |
| "Eastern Handsome Man" or "Highland Handsome Man" | ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯈꯪ ꯌꯣꯏꯂꯦꯜꯄ (ꯌꯣꯏꯔꯦꯜꯄ) | Awang Pakhang Yoilelpa (Yoirelpa) |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Traditional Customs and Rituals of Northeast India: Arunachal Pradesh, meghalaya, Manipur, Assam. Vivekananda Kendra Institute of Culture. 2002.
- ^ Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1997). The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba. Vikas Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-259-0416-8.
- ^ Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
- ^ Mohd. Anis Md. Nor (2012). Dancing Mosaic: Issues on Dance Hybridity. Cultural Centre, University of Malaya. ISBN 978-967-03-8017-9.
- ^ International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics: IJDL. Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala. 2011.
- ^ a b Suresh Singh, Dr Th (2 June 2014). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink. ISBN 9789384318000.
- ^ Nepram, Binalakshmi (2002). South Asia's Fractured Frontier: Armed Conflict, Narcotics and Small Arms Proliferation in India's North East. Mittal. ISBN 9788170998631.
- ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143415176.
- ^ Goswami, Madhab Chandra (1980). Eastern Himalayas: A Study on Anthropology and Tribalism. ISBN 9780896842625.
- ^ Basu, Arabinda; Gupta, Biman Kumar Das; Sarkar, Jayanta (2004). "Anthropology for North-East India, a Reader: Indian Anthropological Congress Commemorative Volume".
- ^ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998). "Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy".
- ^ a b "The Manipuri Lais".
- ^ Vijaylakshmi Brara, N. (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
- ^ a b Dalal, Roshen (2010). The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143415176.
- ^ "Traditional Customs and Rituals of Northeast India: Arunachal Pradesh, meghalaya, Manipur, Assam". 2002.
- ^ "Atiya Guru Sidaba in India".
Further reading
edit- Lightfoot, Louise (1958). Dance-rituals of Manipur, India: An Introduction to "Meitei Jagoi". Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs. ISBN 978-1-01-374640-6.
- North East India History Association. Session (1995). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association.
Other websites
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