The men's 200 metres event at the 1968 Summer Olympics was held in Mexico City, Mexico. The final was won by Tommie Smith in a time of 19.83, a new world record. However, the race is perhaps best known for what happened during the medal ceremony – the Black Power salute of Smith and bronze medallist John Carlos. The background, consequences, and legacy of the salute carried forward into subsequent Olympics and is perhaps the single most memorable event from these Olympics.
| Men's 200 metres at the Games of the XIX Olympiad | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 The medal award ceremony for the 200 metres. Tommie Smith (center) and John Carlos (right) showing the Black Power salute while silver medalist Peter Norman (left) wears an OPHR badge to show his support for the two Americans. | ||||||||||
| Venue | Estadio Olímpico Universitario | |||||||||
| Dates | 15–16 October | |||||||||
| Competitors | 50 from 37 nations | |||||||||
| Winning time | 19.83 WR | |||||||||
| Medalists | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
The event started on 15 October and finished on 16 October.[1] There were 50 athletes from 37 nations competing.[2] The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. Smith's win was the second consecutive and 12th overall for the United States. Peter Norman's medal was the second for Australia in the men's 200 metres, after Stan Rowley's bronze 68 years earlier.
Background edit
This was the 15th appearance of the event, which was not held at the first Olympics in 1896 but has been on the program ever since. Three of the eight finalists from the 1964 Games returned: bronze medalist Edwin Roberts of Trinidad and Tobago, fourth-place finisher Harry Jerome of Canada, and fifth-place finisher (and 1960 gold medalist) Livio Berruti of Italy.
Tommie Smith was the 1967 and 1968 AAU champion; John Carlos was the 1967 Pan American Games and 1968 U.S. Olympic trials winners (with a time that would have been a world record, but was not ratified because his shoes had too many spikes). The two were heavily favored, though had considered boycotting the Olympics to protest racial inequality in the United States.[2]
Barbados, British Honduras (Belize), the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, West Germany, Honduras, Nicaragua, Sudan, Tanzania, and the Virgin Islands each made their debut in the event. The United States made its 15th appearance, the only nation to have competed at each edition of the 200 metres to date.
Competition format edit
The competition used the four round format introduced in 1920: heats, quarterfinals, semifinals, and a final. The "fastest loser" system introduced in 1960 was used again in the heats.
There were 7 heats of between 7 and 8 runners each, with the top 4 men in each advancing to the quarterfinals along with the next 4 fastest overall. The quarterfinals consisted of 4 heats of 8 athletes each; the 4 fastest men in each heat advanced to the semifinals. There were 2 semifinals, each with 8 runners. Again, the top 4 athletes advanced. The final had 8 runners. The races were run on a 400-metre track.[2]
Records edit
Prior to the competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.
| World record |  Tommie Smith (USA) |
20.0y | Sacramento, United States | 11 June 1966 |
| Olympic record |  Henry Carr (USA) |
20.3 | Tokyo, Japan | 17 October 1964 |
Tommie Smith's 20.3 / 20.37 in the second heat matched the hand-timed Olympic record. Peter Norman broke that record with a 20.2 / 20.23 in the sixth heat. Smith's time in the third quarterfinal was 20.2 / 20.28, equaling the record. Mike Fray matched the old 20.3 second record in the fourth quarterfinal. In the first semifinal, Norman again ran a 20.2 (/ 20.22) but was behind John Carlos at 20.1 / 20.12 for another new Olympic record. Smith matched Carlos's hand-timing in the second semifinal, with 20.1 / 20.14. Smith then broke the 20-second barrier in the final, recording 19.8 hand-timed and 19.83 auto-timed for a new world record.
Schedule edit
All times are Central Standard Time (UTC-6)
| Date | Time | Round |
|---|---|---|
| Tuesday, 15 October 1968 | 10:30 15:40 |
Heats Quarterfinals |
| Wednesday, 16 October 1968 | 15:20 17:50 |
Semifinals Final |
Results edit
Heats edit
Heat 1 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | John Carlos | United States |
20.54 | Q |
| 2 | Andrés Calonge |  Argentina |
20.81 | Q |
| 3 | Mani Jegathesan |  Malaysia |
20.92 | Q, NR |
| 4 | Livio Berruti |  Italy |
21.06 | Q |
| 5 | Valentin Maslakov |  Soviet Union |
21.07 | q |
| 6 | Norman Chihota |  Tanzania |
21.28 | |
| 7 | Canagasabai Kunalan |  Singapore |
21.39 | |
| 8 | Hadley Hinds |  Barbados |
22.35 |
Heat 2 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tommie Smith | United States |
20.37 | Q, =OR |
| 2 | Charles Asati |  Kenya |
20.66 | Q |
| 3 | Jochen Eigenherr |  West Germany |
20.69 | Q |
| 4 | Edwin Roberts |  Trinidad and Tobago |
20.69 | Q |
| 5 | David Ejoke |  Nigeria |
21.09 | q |
| 6 | Edwin Johnson |  Bahamas |
21.22 | q |
| 7 | Kun Min-mu |  Taiwan |
22.44 |
Heat 3 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Larry Questad | United States |
20.75 | Q |
| 2 | Julius Sang | Kenya |
20.90 | Q |
| 3 | Edward Romanowski |  Poland |
20.95 | Q |
| 4 | Miguel Angel González |  Mexico |
21.31 | Q |
| 5 | Jean-Louis Ravelomanantsoa |  Madagascar |
21.53 | |
| 6 | Norris Stubbs | Bahamas |
21.64 | |
| 7 | Morgan Gesmalla |  Sudan |
22.70 |
Heat 4 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mike Fray |  Jamaica |
20.62 | Q |
| 2 | Winston Short | Trinidad and Tobago |
21.00 | Q |
| 3 | Hansruedi Wiedmer |  Switzerland |
21.06 | Q |
| 4 | Bernard Nottage | Bahamas |
21.31 | Q |
| 5 | Philippe Housiaux |  Belgium |
21.41 | |
| 6 | Porfirio Veras |  Dominican Republic |
21.53 | |
| 7 | Juan Argüello |  Nicaragua |
22.80 |
Heat 5 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván Moreno |  Chile |
20.93 | Q |
| 2 | Jacques Carette |  France |
20.97 | Q |
| 3 | James Addy |  Ghana |
21.00 | Q |
| 4 | Fernando Acevedo |  Peru |
21.02 | Q |
| 5 | Harry Jerome |  Canada |
21.22 | q |
| 6 | William Dralu |  Uganda |
21.38 | |
| 7 | Colin Thurton |  British Honduras |
22.14 |
Heat 6 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peter Norman |  Australia |
20.17 | Q, OR[3] |
| 2 | Roger Bambuck | France |
20.61 | Q |
| 3 | Dick Steane |  Great Britain |
20.66 | Q |
| 4 | Rajalingam Gunaratnam | Malaysia |
21.58 | Q |
| 5 | Alberto Torres | Dominican Republic |
21.99 | |
| 6 | José Astacio |  El Salvador |
23.13 | |
| — | Juan Franceschi |  Puerto Rico |
DNF |
Heat 7 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greg Lewis | Australia |
20.71 | Q |
| 2 | Ralph Banthorpe | Great Britain |
20.73 | Q |
| 3 | Nikolay Ivanov | Soviet Union |
20.78 | Q |
| 4 | Pedro Grajales |  Colombia |
21.07 | Q |
| 5 | Gert Metz | West Germany |
21.24 | |
| 6 | Carl Plaskett |  Virgin Islands |
21.29 | |
| 7 | Cristóbal Corrales |  Honduras |
23.93 |
Quarterfinals edit
Quarterfinal 1 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | John Carlos | United States |
20.69 | Q |
| 2 | Greg Lewis | Australia |
20.81 | Q |
| 3 | Dick Steane | Great Britain |
20.81 | Q |
| 4 | Mani Jegathesan | Malaysia |
21.01 | Q |
| 5 | Julius Sang | Kenya |
21.04 | |
| 6 | Jacques Carette | France |
21.15 | |
| 7 | Edwin Johnson | Bahamas |
21.41 | |
| 8 | Harry Jerome | Canada |
21.43 |
Quarterfinal 2 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peter Norman | Australia |
20.44 | Q |
| 2 | Jochen Eigenherr | West Germany |
20.53 | Q |
| 3 | Fernando Acevedo | Peru |
20.78 | Q |
| 4 | Iván Moreno | Chile |
20.83 | Q |
| 5 | Charles Asati | Kenya |
20.84 | |
| 6 | Livio Berruti | Italy |
21.01 | |
| 7 | Winston Short | Trinidad and Tobago |
21.51 | |
| 8 | Rajalingam Gunaratnam | Malaysia |
21.52 |
Quarterfinal 3 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tommie Smith | United States |
20.28 | Q, =OR |
| 2 | Edwin Roberts | Trinidad and Tobago |
20.50 | Q |
| 3 | Edward Romanowski | Poland |
20.85 | Q |
| 4 | Nikolay Ivanov | Soviet Union |
20.90 | Q |
| 5 | David Ejoke | Nigeria |
20.99 | |
| 6 | Andrés Calonge | Argentina |
21.03 | |
| 7 | Hansruedi Wiedmer | Switzerland |
21.42 | |
| 8 | Miguel Angel González | Mexico |
21.57 |
Quarterfinal 4 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mike Fray | Jamaica |
20.39 | Q |
| 2 | Larry Questad | United States |
20.54 | Q |
| 3 | Roger Bambuck | France |
20.63 | Q |
| 4 | Ralph Banthorpe | Great Britain |
20.83 | Q |
| 5 | James Addy | Ghana |
20.90 | |
| 6 | Valentin Maslakov | Soviet Union |
20.96 | |
| 7 | Pedro Grajales | Colombia |
21.05 | |
| 8 | Bernard Nottage | Bahamas |
21.53 |
Semifinals edit
Semifinal 1 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | John Carlos | United States |
20.12 | Q, OR |
| 2 | Peter Norman | Australia |
20.22 | Q |
| 3 | Mike Fray | Jamaica |
20.46 | Q |
| 4 | Roger Bambuck | France |
20.47 | Q |
| 5 | Iván Moreno | Chile |
20.84 | |
| 6 | Dick Steane | Great Britain |
20.85 | |
| 7 | Nikolay Ivanov | Soviet Union |
20.89 | |
| 8 | Fernando Acevedo | Peru |
20.91 |
Semifinal 2 edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tommie Smith | United States |
20.14 | Q, =OR |
| 2 | Edwin Roberts | Trinidad and Tobago |
20.44 | Q |
| 3 | Larry Questad | United States |
20.48 | Q |
| 4 | Jochen Eigenherr | West Germany |
20.49 | Q |
| 5 | Greg Lewis | Australia |
20.53 | |
| 6 | Edward Romanowski | Poland |
20.80 | |
| 7 | Ralph Banthorpe | Great Britain |
20.88 | |
| 8 | Mani Jegathesan | Malaysia |
21.05 |
Final edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Tommie Smith | United States |
19.83 | WR |
 |
Peter Norman | Australia |
20.06 | NR |
 |
John Carlos | United States |
20.10 | |
| 4 | Edwin Roberts | Trinidad and Tobago |
20.34 | |
| 5 | Roger Bambuck | France |
20.51 | |
| 6 | Larry Questad | United States |
20.62 | |
| 7 | Mike Fray | Jamaica |
20.63 | |
| 8 | Jochen Eigenherr | West Germany |
20.66 |
References edit
- ^ "Athletics at the 1968 Mexico City Summer Games: Men's 200 metres". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- ^ a b c "200 metres, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ Frost, Caroline (17 October 2008). "The other man on the podium". BBC News. Retrieved 24 May 2014.