Wikipedia

Ashley Gordon Lowndes

Ashley Gordon Lowndes (9 October 1885 – 15 March 1956) was a British zoologist and science teacher.[1] He was known for developing a high-speed photomicrography,[2][3] which was useful for studying cell movements,[4] and for which he received research fellowship from The Leverhulme Trust.[5] But he was best remembered as an inspiring teacher whose students became notable scientists including John Zachary Young, Peter Medawar,[6] and Brian J. Ford.[7]

Richard Dawkins, whose father Clinton John Dawkins was once a student of Lowndes at Marlborough, described him as a "legendary teacher".[8][9]

Biography edit

Ashley Gordon Lowndes was born at Cainscross Villa, Cainscross, Gloucestershire, to Robert Baxter Lowndes, a solicitor, and his wife, Marian, née Whitaker. He had two brothers and two sisters. He attended private school in Cainscross.[1] In 1898, at age thirteen, he joined the Merchant Navy and worked there till 1911. That year, a curate in Portsmouth noticed his academic potentials and encouraged him to work with the curate's father, who was a school headmaster at Ardingley. His academic performance led him to study under John Tennant Saunders, a biologist at the University of Cambridge.[6] He earned an MA in biology.[10] He was later employed in the analytical staff of Nobel Industries as a chemist.[6] Sir Cyril Norwood, then Master of Marlborough College noticed Lowndes and recruited him as the Science Master in 1921.[5]

After seventeen years of service, Lowndes retired in 1938 to volunteer as a biologist to the Church Missionary Society to work at the Leper Settlement at Oji River, Onitsha, Southern Nigeria.[5] After eighteen months, he quit, justifying his reason as:

Well, it is obvious why the natives get leprosy and I told the authorities so, but they wouldn't listen to me. Since we have stopped them eating each other the only protein they get is an occasional snake.[6]

Lowndes resumed teaching science in several schools. He died of pneumonia at Falmouth.[6]

Achievement and legacy edit

Lowndes published a number of research papers in Nature, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Annals and Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Natural History. He was largely a self-taught expert in the biology of crustaceans,[11][12] flagellar movement in protists,[13][14][15] and locomotion in fishes.[16][17] He described several new species including Cyclops lacunae (1926),[18] Cyclops latipes (1927),[10] Herpetocypris palpiger (1932),[19] and Candona wedgwoodii (1932).[20]

Lowndes was awarded research fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust in 1934 for his research on micrography.[5] He was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society of London,[10] and Fellow of the Zoological Society of London,[21] Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry and Fellow of the Geological Society of London.[22] He was also awarded the degree of Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) by the University of Cambridge.[16][23][24]

Lowndes was lauded as a "brilliant teacher" at Marlborough. One of his first students, John Zachary Young, known as "the most distinguished invertebrate anatomist of this [20th] century,"[25] writing his obituary in Nature commented him as: "It must be more than an accident that so many of them have proved to be successful investigators and teachers."[6]

Sir Peter Medawar, recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and one of his last students at Marlborough, credited Lowndes as the beginning of his career in biology.[24] But he described Lowndes as "a bully",[24] and "barely literate" yet "a very, very good biology teacher".[26]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Wyatt, H.V. (23 September 2004). "Lowndes, Ashley Gordon (1885–1956)". In Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B.; Goldman, L. (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/98018. Retrieved 22 February 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1935). "The Twin Polygraph and Strobograph: Ultra-Rapid Cinema-Photomicrography". Nature. 135 (3424): 1006–1007. doi:10.1038/1351006a0.
  3. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1936). "Ultra-rapid Photomicrography and its bearing on some biological problems. [Abstract.]". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 148 (2): 54–56. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1936.tb00088.x.
  4. ^ Barker, D. (1943). "Recent Work on Flagellar Movement". The New Phytologist. 42 (1): 49–53. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1943.tb04985.x. JSTOR 2428920.
  5. ^ a b c d Anon. (1938). "Mr. A. G. Lowndes". Nature. 142 (3587): 201. doi:10.1038/142201a0.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Young, J. Z. (1956). "Dr. A. G. Lowndes". Nature. 177 (4514): 826–827. doi:10.1038/177826b0.
  7. ^ Ford, Brian J. (2017). "Lecturing on Microscopy". Microscopy Today. 25 (6): 48–53. doi:10.1017/S1551929517000426.
  8. ^ Dawkins, Richard (2015). Brief Candle in the Dark: My Life in Science. London: Random House. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-593-07255-4. OCLC 920836304.
  9. ^ Dawkins, Richard (2013). An Appetite For Wonder: The Making of a Scientist. London: Random House. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-593-07089-5. OCLC 852806520.
  10. ^ a b c Lowndes, A.G. (1927). "XXV.—Cyclops latipes, sp. n.". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 19 (110): 266–270. doi:10.1080/00222932708633595.
  11. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1937). "Scientific results of the Cambridge Expedition to the East African Lakes, 1930-1.-No. 16. The smaller Crustacea. [Abstract.]". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 149 (1): 31–36. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1937.tb01175.x.
  12. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1933). "Sexual Reproduction in Copepods". Nature. 131 (3303): 240–241. doi:10.1038/131240b0. S2CID 4141092.
  13. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1941). "Mechanics of a Flagellum". Nature. 148 (3746): 198. doi:10.1038/148198a0. S2CID 4080682.
  14. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1936). "Flagella Movement". Nature. 138 (3483): 210–211. doi:10.1038/138210a0. S2CID 4014457.
  15. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (21 August 2009). "The Swimming of Unicellular Flagellate Organisms". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. A113 (3–4): 99–107. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1944.tb00071.x.
  16. ^ a b Lowndes, A.G. (1955). "XXXII.—Density of fishes: Some notes on the swimming of fish to be correlated with density, sinking factor and load carried". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (88): 241–256. doi:10.1080/00222935508655637.
  17. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1956). "Swimming of Fishes". Nature. 177 (4500): 194. doi:10.1038/177194a0. S2CID 29614991.
  18. ^ Lowndes, A.G. (1926). "XV.—Cyclops lacunæ, a new species of Cyclops". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 18 (103): 142–144. doi:10.1080/00222932608633486.
  19. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (1932). "XVIII.—Herpetocypris palpiger, a new species of freshwater ostracod". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 9 (50): 155–157. doi:10.1080/00222933208673481.
  20. ^ Lowndes, A.G. (1932). "XXXII.—Candona wedgwoodii, a new species of ostracod". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 10 (57): 278–280. doi:10.1080/00222933208673574.
  21. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (21 August 2009). "Some Applications of the Displacement Method of Weighing Living Aquatic Organisms". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. A113 (1–2): 28–43. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1943.tb00064.x.
  22. ^ LOWNDES, A. G. (1955). "THE WOLF ROCK PHONOLITE: Used for tracing Deepwater Drift in the English Channel". Science Progress (1933- ). 43 (171): 434–445. JSTOR 43415718.
  23. ^ Lowndes, A. G. (21 August 2009). "The males of Canthocamptus bidens Schmeil". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 120 (2): 395–403. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00957.x.
  24. ^ a b c Medawar, P. B. (1986). Memoir of a Thinking Radish: An Autobiography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 0-19-217737-0. OCLC 12804275.
  25. ^ Bone, Quentin (8 July 1997). "Obituary: Professor J. Z. Young". The Independent. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  26. ^ * Medawar, Peter Brian (1986). Memoir of a Thinking Radish. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-217737-7.
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