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The following events occurred in April 1937:
April 1, 1937 (Thursday) edit
- The Condor Legion carried out the Bombing of Jaén, killing 159 people.
- The Government of India Act 1935 came into effect.[1]
- Born: Mohammad Hamid Ansari, diplomat and Vice President of India, in Calcutta, British India
April 2, 1937 (Friday) edit
- Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike: A sitdown strike began at the Hershey Chocolate Corporation.[2]
- Died: Jānis Buivids, 72, Latvian general
April 3, 1937 (Saturday) edit
- Manchukuan Prince Pujie and Hiro Saga were married in a simple Shinto ceremony in Tokyo.[3]
April 4, 1937 (Sunday) edit
- Byron Nelson won the fourth Masters Tournament.
- Died: Charles Henry Smyth, Jr., 71, American geologist
April 5, 1937 (Monday) edit
- The first postage stamps bearing the face of Adolf Hitler went on sale in Germany to commemorate the Führer's 48th birthday.[4][5]
- The French liner Normandie crossed the Atlantic Ocean in record time, with an average speed of 30.98 knots.[6]
- Born: Colin Powell, U.S. Army general and statesman, in New York City (d. 2021)
April 6, 1937 (Tuesday) edit
- Four U.S. Navy flyers were killed in a collision of two bomber planes during maneuvers off the coast of California.[7]
- Born: Merle Haggard, country musician, in Oildale, California (d. 2016); Peter Maivia, professional wrestler and grandfather of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, in American Samoa (d. 1982); Billy Dee Williams, actor and singer, in New York City
April 7, 1937 (Wednesday) edit
- The Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike ended when the strikers were forcibly removed from the factory.[2] As 800,000 lbs of milk daily was destroyed as a result of the strike, farmers armed with sticks and clubs assaulted the strikers, many of whom were taken to hospitals.[8]
- Born: Graeme Davies, engineer and academic, in Auckland, New Zealand (d. 2022)
April 8, 1937 (Thursday) edit
- Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg went back on his announcement of February 14 and said that the Habsburg monarchy could not be restored in the foreseeable future due to the tense international situation.[9]
- The Oshawa Strike began in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada when 4,000 General Motors workers walked off the job.[10]
- Born: Seymour Hersh, journalist and writer, in Chicago, Illinois
April 9, 1937 (Friday) edit
- The Kamikaze became the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly from Japan to Europe.
- Born: Valerie Singleton, television and radio presenter, in Hitchin, England
- Died: Albert Paine, 75, American author and biographer
April 10, 1937 (Saturday) edit
- British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin announced that he would soon be retiring.[11]
- Born: Bella Akhmadulina, poet, in Moscow, USSR (d. 2010)
- Died: Ralph Ince, 50, American actor, director and screenwriter (auto accident)
April 11, 1937 (Sunday) edit
- The British cabinet held a rare Sunday meeting in which it decided to afford the fullest protection to British shipping outside the three-mile limit in northern Spanish waters. This was understood to include authorizing the Royal Navy to open fire on any Spanish vessels interfering with British cargo ships.[12]
- The Junkers Ju 89 prototype had its first flight, although it never entered production.
April 12, 1937 (Monday) edit
- English engineer Frank Whittle and his team successfully tested a prototype jet engine.[13]
- The U.S. Supreme Court decided NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
April 13, 1937 (Tuesday) edit
- The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal was launched.
- Born: Stan Stasiak, professional wrestler, in Arvida, Quebec, Canada (d. 1997)
April 14, 1937 (Wednesday) edit
- Ontario Premier Mitchell Hepburn forced two of his cabinet ministers to resign for opposing his handling of the Oshawa Strike.[10][14]
- The musical stage comedy Babes in Arms by Rodgers and Hart opened at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway. The show spawned several hit songs including "My Funny Valentine" and "The Lady is a Tramp".
- Died: Ned Hanlon, 79, American baseball player and manager
April 15, 1937 (Thursday) edit
- The Detroit Red Wings defeated the New York Rangers 3-0 to win the Stanley Cup, three games to two.
- Born: Robert W. Gore, inventor and businessman, in Salt Lake City, Utah (d. 2020)
April 16, 1937 (Friday) edit
- The Battle of Pozoblanco ended in Republican victory.
- Born: George "The Animal" Steele, professional wrestler, in Detroit, Michigan (d. 2017)
April 17, 1937 (Saturday) edit
- The character of Daffy Duck first appeared in the Porky Pig animated short film Porky's Duck Hunt.
- Born: Don Buchla, synthesizer inventor, in South Gate, California (d. 2016); Ferdinand Piëch, business magnate, in Vienna, Austria (d. 2019)
April 18, 1937 (Sunday) edit
- Premier Hepburn threatened to pass legislation to keep the Congress of Industrial Organizations out of Ontario, telling its head John L. Lewis that "he and his gang will never get their greedy paws on Ontario as long as I'm prime minister."[15]
- Born: Jan Kaplický, architect. in Prague, Czechoslovakia (d. 2009); Svetlana Nemolyaeva, actress, in Moscow, USSR; Teddy Taylor, politician, in Glasgow, Scotland (d. 2017)
- Died: Julia Nussenbaum, 23 or 24, American violinist (murdered)
April 19, 1937 (Monday) edit
- Generalissimo Francisco Franco unified the Falangists and Carlists into a single party called the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista.[16]
- The Non-Intervention Committee agreed to establish patrols of Spain's coasts. The patrols were authorized to determine the destination of vessels but not to carry out search and seizure operations. Germany and Italy were to monitor Republican ships while Britain and France would monitor the Nationalists.[17] This scheme proved to be ineffective since the Germans could use ships flying the Panamanian or Liberian flags and unload their cargo in Portugal with the complicity of authorities there.[18]
- Anthony Eden told the House of Commons that the government would investigate reports that poison gas had been shipped from Germany to Spain.[19]
- Walter Young of Canada won the Boston Marathon.[20]
- The Golden Gate Bridge finished construction.[21]
- Born: Joseph Estrada, 13th President of the Philippines (1998-2001).
- Died: Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, 81, English art critic, politician and mountaineer; William Morton Wheeler, 72, American entomologist, myrmecologist and Harvard professor
April 20, 1937 (Tuesday) edit
- On Budget Day in the United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer Neville Chamberlain raised income and business taxes to achieve a small projected surplus of £282,000.[22]
- In Berlin, Hitler reviewed 14,000 troops parading in honour of his 48th birthday.[23] Albert Speer presented Hitler with renderings and a first model of the Volkshalle.[24]
- B'nai B'rith was banned in Nazi Germany because of individual members spreading "communist propaganda".[25]
- Gee Walker of the Detroit Tigers hit for the cycle during a 4-3 win over the Cleveland Indians. He is the only player to ever hit for the cycle on Opening Day.[26]
- The drama film A Star Is Born starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.[27]
- Born: George Takei, actor and activist, in Los Angeles
April 21, 1937 (Wednesday) edit
- The Remington Rand strike ended when union members approved a settlement allowing them to return to their jobs.
- Died: Saima Harmaja, 23, Finnish poet and writer (tuberculosis)
April 22, 1937 (Thursday) edit
- Benito Mussolini hosted Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg in Venice. Mussolini explained that since the Rome-Berlin Axis had been formed, Schuschnigg could no longer count on Italian military support if Hitler made a move against Austria.[28]
- Born: Jack Nicholson, actor, in Neptune City, New Jersey; Jack Nitzsche, musician, arranger, producer and songwriter, in Chicago (d. 2000)
- Died: Arthur Edmund Carewe, 52, Armenian-American actor
April 23, 1937 (Friday) edit
- The Oshawa Strike ended when General Motors gave in to most of the strikers' demands, though the company still refused to recognize the United Automobile Workers union.[10]
- The Madrid Defense Council was dissolved.
- In Hungary, Ferenc Szálasi was sentenced to three months in prison and prohibited from holding office for three years for inciting people against the state as well as against Jews.[29]
- Roosevelt Stadium opened in Jersey City, New Jersey.
April 24, 1937 (Saturday) edit
- Britain and France allowed Belgium to withdraw from the security obligations of the Locarno Treaties.[1]
- Nationalist-controlled parts of Spain adopted the Roman salute except in the armed forces.[17]
- The BBC Television program For the Children first aired.
- Died: Lucy Beaumont, 63, English actress
April 25, 1937 (Sunday) edit
- The Soviet Union announced the completion of all goals of the five-year plan nine months to a year ahead of schedule. The announcement came despite numerous articles in the state-controlled press stating that many branches of the plan were lagging behind.[30]
- Died: Michał Drzymała, 79, Polish folk hero
April 26, 1937 (Monday) edit
- Bombing of Guernica: The German Condor Legion razed the town of Guernica.
April 27, 1937 (Tuesday) edit
- Wallis Simpson's divorce became permanent when the mandatory six months elapsed since the divorce decree was issued. The former Mrs. Simpson was now free to marry again.[31]
- The first social security payments were made in the United States under the Social Security Act of 1935.[13]
- Born: Sandy Dennis, actress, in Hastings, Nebraska (d. 1992); Robin Eames, Anglican primate and Archbishop of Armagh, in Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Died: Antonio Gramsci, 46, Italian Marxist politician
April 28, 1937 (Wednesday) edit
- The Nationalists captured Durango and Guernica.[13]
- Born: Saddam Hussein, 5th President of Iraq, in Al-Awja, Iraq (official date of birth) (d. 2006)
April 29, 1937 (Thursday) edit
- The Irish Brigade fighting in Spain announced it was disbanding.[32]
- Francoist Spain claimed that Guernica had been destroyed by communist demolition teams.[17]
- Born: Jill Paton Walsh, author, in London, England (d. 2020)
- Died: Wallace Carothers, 41, American chemist (suicide); Carmelo Delgado Delgado, 24, Puerto Rican political leader (killed in the Spanish Civil War); William Gillette, 83, American actor-manager and playwright
April 30, 1937 (Friday) edit
- Women won the right to vote in the Philippines when a suffrage plebiscite passed with 90% approval.
- The Nationalist battleship Espana accidentally hit a mine laid by its own side and sank off Santander.
References edit
- ^ a b "Chronology 1937". Indiana University. 2002. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ a b Halbleib, John F. (2005). Hershey: Ideal Community for Orphans. Authorhouse. p. 103. ISBN 9781420844573.
- ^ "Heir to Manchu Throne Married Jap Commoner". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 4, 1937. p. 21.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 25. März 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ "Third Reich – Commemorative Issues – 1937". Stamp Collecting World. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 5. April 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ "4 Die as Navy Planes Crash; Fall Into Sea". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 7, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ "FARMERS USE VIOLENCE". West Australian. 1937-04-09. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ "No Restoration Now, Dictator Tells Austria". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 9, 1937. p. 2.
- ^ a b c "Oshawa Strike". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ Brewer, Sam (April 11, 1937). "Baldwin Tells Plan to Quit for 'Country's Sake'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
- ^ Darrah, David (April 12, 1937). "Britain Orders Navy to Fire On Rebel Raiders". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ a b c "1937". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ O'Neil, William (April 15, 1937). "CIO Divides Ontario Cabinet". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ O'Neil, William (April 19, 1937). "Ontario Ready to Pass Law to Keep Out C. I. O.". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 19. April 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ a b c Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 507. ISBN 0-313-22054-9.
- ^ Salvadó, Francsico J. Romero (2005). The Spanish Civil War: Origins, Course and Outcomes. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 152. ISBN 9780230203051.
- ^ "Britain Probes War Gas Reports". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 19, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ "Boston Marathon Yearly Synopses (1897–2013)". John Hancock Financial. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
- ^ "Construction - Bridge Construction | Golden Gate".
- ^ "Britain's Defence Plan Budget". The Sydney Morning Herald. April 21, 1937. p. 15.
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (April 21, 1937). "Hitler Flaunts Military Might on His Birthday". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 11.
- ^ Speer, Albert (1970). Inside the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 152. ISBN 9780684829494.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 20. April 1937". chroniknet. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ McEntire, Madison (2006). Big League Trivia: Facts, Figures, Oddities, and Coincidences from our National Pastime. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 124. ISBN 9781467071840.
- ^ "1937". GraumansChinese.org. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ Roman, Eric (2003). Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. Facts on File, Inc. p. 604. ISBN 9780816074693.
- ^ "Hungarian Nazi Chief Sentenced to Prison Term". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 24, 1937. p. 9.
- ^ "Russia Reports 2d Five Year Plan Fulfilled". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 26, 1937. p. 23.
- ^ Darrah, David (April 27, 1937). "6 Months' Wait Ends; Wally Can Now be Freed". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ "Irish Fascists to Quit Their 'Crusade' in Spain". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 30, 1937. p. 4.