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The following events occurred in April 1924:

April 1, 1924: Adolf Hitler (far left) and three co-conspirators begin 5-year sentence in Germany's Landsberg Prison

April 1, 1924 (Tuesday)

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April 2, 1924 (Wednesday)

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  • A huge monarchist demonstration was staged in Berlin on the occasion of the funeral for martyred criminal Wilhelm Dreyer, a German who died in a French prison after dynamiting a train in the Ruhr. Police struggled to prevent an unauthorized parade from forming in the wake of Dreyer's casket procession.[8][9]
  • On the Red Sea, the British cruise ship Clan McIver rescued more than 1,200 passengers, almost all of them Muslim pilgrims on their way to Mecca, from the British steamship SS Frangestan, a freighter which had caught fire after the ignition of its cargo of cotton. Clan McIver then delivered the pilgrims to Port Sudan[10]
  • U.S. President Calvin Coolidge nominated Harlan Fiske Stone to be the new Attorney General of the United States, to replace Harry M. Daugherty, whom he had fired on March 28.[11] Stone Was confirmed by voice vote in the U.S. Senate on April 7.[12]
  • The Italian government announced it was studying measures to take against Romania over its failure to pay its debts to Italy.[13]
  • The outlawing of the Bulgarian Communist Party, in the aftermath of the September Uprising that attempted to overthrow the Bulgarian government in 1923, was upheld by the Eastern European nation's Supreme Court.[citation needed]
  • Born: Bobby Ávila, Mexican-born baseball player, 1954 American League batting champion and Player of the Year, later the mayor of Veracruz and president of the Mexican League; in Veracruz (d. 2004)

April 3, 1924 (Thursday)

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April 4, 1924 (Friday)

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April 5, 1924 (Saturday)

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  • In the town of Lilly, Pennsylvania, members of the Ku Klux Klan shot 22 people, two of them fatally, firing randomly into a crowd at the town's railroad station. The shooting happened after some residents of the town "played a stream of water from the town fire hose upon the visitors as they were marching back to the station." An estimated 500 Klansmen had arrived, uninvited, to Lilly and held a ceremony at a nearby field, then marched in a procession to the train, which was taking them to nearby Johnstown.[25] After the train arrived at Johnstown, the Klansmen were met by more than 50 police officers, who arrested 25 of the Klan members and confiscated fifty guns.[26] Four additional people, residents of Lilly, were arrested the next day and the 29 were charged with murder.[27][28]
  • The University of Cambridge rowing team won the 76th annual Boat Race along the River Thames.[29]

April 6, 1924 (Sunday)

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April 7, 1924 (Monday)

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April 8, 1924 (Tuesday)

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  • Sharia courts were abolished by vote of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and the Islamic law judges (Qadis) were dismissed.[34]
  • British inventor Harry Grindell Matthews made a laboratory demonstration to reporters of his "death ray" that could, he said, disable aircraft engines, explode ammunition dumps, render firearms useless and injure entire armies from a great distance..[35]
  • France delivered 13 tons of gold ingots, worth US$6.5 million at the time, to English officers in the port city of Calais as part of France's efforts to stabilize the nation's currency, the franc.[36]

April 9, 1924 (Wednesday)

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  • The committee headed by Charles G. Dawes submitted its plan to reorganize the German economy and for the Allies to restructure the method of reparations payments. Among the changes were that while the Allies would retain military rights in occupied territory, Germany would retain control of its railways and industries, with some Allied supervision, and Germans would pay taxes similar to the rates of other nations. Payments would be adjusted upward or downward "according to an index of prosperity", with a neutral American observer being the judge of Germany's capacity to pay.[37][38]
  • Pope Pius XI abruptly canceled plans to become the first Roman Catholic Pontiff since 1870 to travel outside of Vatican City. The Pope had been scheduled to travel one-half mile out of the walls of the Vatican and into Rome to dedicate the new building for the Knights of Columbus but decided, after banner headlines in papers in Rome and around the world, to remain "a voluntary prisoner" inside the Vatican. His decision came 30 minutes before he was due to arrive. Appearing in his place was the Papal Secretary of State, Cardinal Gasparri.[39]
  • The U.S. state of Mississippi authorized the creation of Delta State Teachers College, now Delta State University, to be built in Cleveland, Mississippi, with the signing of legislation by Governor Henry L. Whitfield.[40]
  • Born:

April 10, 1924 (Thursday)

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  • The first large-scale train robbery in Greece took place shortly after 12 masked and armed bandits boarded a train at the Doxaras railway station en route to Thessaloniki. Among the passengers were the Minister of Social Welfare and a former governor of Macedonia, and the bandits escaped with 400,000 drachmas of cash and valuables. The bandits apparently had been planning to board a train scheduled to carry Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou, but Papanastasiou's train had not arrived at the time that the other train departed.[42]
  • King Ferdinand and Queen Marie of Romania arrived in Paris on a royal visit. Though officially only a friendly visit, it was widely believed that Romania was seeking an alliance with France due to unfriendly relations with Russia, Spain and Italy.[43]
  • The Dawes Plan committee urged all nations concerned to enact the plan quickly before conditions in Germany changed.[44]
  • The Des Moines, Iowa radio station WHO began broadcasting as one of the "clear-channel station" permitted to operate 24 hours a day.[45]
  • Born: K Lal (stage name for Kantilal Girdharilal Vora), Indian musician who performed for 62 years until two months before his death; in Mavjhinjhva, Baroda principality (now Gujarat), British India (d. 2012)
  • Died: Hugo Stinnes, 54, German industrialist and politician who was the wealthiest man in Germany after World War One until his death, died a month after gall bladder surgery.[46]

April 11, 1924 (Friday)

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  • Voting was held in Denmark for all 149 seats of the Folketing, the European nation's unicameral parliament.[47] Thorvald Stauning's Socialdemokratiet party won a plurality of the seats, gaining seven to change the balance of power from 51 to 48 for the liberal Venstre party (led by Prime Minister Niels Neergaard, to a 55 to 44 lead by the Social Democrats.[48] Stauning would form a coalition government on April 23.
  • Japan's Ambassador to the United States, Masanao Hanihara, had a letter presented to U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, warning him of "the grave consequences" that would come if the U.S. Senate followed the House of Representatives in passing the Immigration Act of 1924, specifically targeted against Asian nations, refusing to increase the quota of Japanese citizens who would be allowed to immigrate to the United States. Hughes transmitted the note to the Chairman of the Senate Immigration Committee, LeBaron B. Colt.[49] On April 19, the U.S. Senate voted, 62 to 6, to pass the bill.[50]
  • At 6:00 in the morning, the U.S. state of Arizona closed its border with the state of California, barring all automobile traffic at the two entry points, Yuma, Arizona and Needles, California.[51] Before the enactment of the border closing, all vehicles entering from California were disinfected, at the travelers' expense, as part of a quarantine to prevent an outbreak of hoof-and-mouth disease.
  • A crowd of 4,000 Germans at a concert staged a pro-monarchist demonstration in Breslau in favor of having the former heir to the German throne, Crown Prince Wilhelm, to return to Germany as Kaiser Wilhelm III.[52]
  • The German Association of Industry released a statement expressing approval of the Dawes Plan.[53]
  • Sigma Phi Delta, a professional fraternity of male engineering students, was founded at the University of Southern California.[citation needed]
  • Died: Karl Oenike, 62, German landscape painter and photographer known for his detailed information of locations in South America.

April 12, 1924 (Saturday)

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April 13, 1924 (Sunday)

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April 14, 1924 (Monday)

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April 15, 1924 (Tuesday)

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April 16, 1924 (Wednesday)

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April 17, 1924 (Thursday)

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The original MGM lion logo, c. 1926

April 18, 1924 (Friday)

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  • The Plaza Publishing Company, which would become Simon & Schuster, the new publishing company that had been founded on January 2, released The Cross Word Puzzle Book, the first book of crossword puzzles ever published. Although the crossword had been invented in 1913 and the puzzles were a feature in daily newspapers, the book compiled "50 Brand New Puzzles". Retailing at $1.35 per copy and included an attached pencil, becoming a popular bestseller.[83][84]
  • Argentine aviator Raúl Pateras Pescara set a new world record by flying a helicopter almost half a mile— 2,415 feet (736 m)— at an average height of 6 feet (1.8 meters).[85]
  • A group of 700 frustrated drivers from California attempted to break through Arizona's quarantine closure of the border at Yuma, before being stopped by troops of the Arizona National Guard. After speeding past guards on the bridge over the Colorado River, drivers who made it into Arizona were forced to retreat back to California after encountering a cordon of guards who used fire hoses to repulse vehicle that tried to drive further.[86][87]
  • A fire at Curran's Hall on 1363 Blue Island Avenue in Chicago killed seven firemen and injured 18 others, when the building collapsed and buried the firefighters, all of whom were members of Hook and Ladder Truck Company No. 12.[88][89]
  • Born:
  • Died:Frank Xavier Leyendecker, 48, German-born American commercial artist known for his covers for Vogue, Vanity Fair, and Life magazines, died of a morphine overdose.[91]

April 19, 1924 (Saturday)

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  • National Barn Dance, one of the first popular weekly radio shows, was introduced on the Chicago radio station WLS, running from 8 to 12 in the evening central time as an "old time fiddlers program" played by the Hotel Sherman orchestra. As a "clear-channel" broadcaster whose signal could be heard at 870 kHz on AM radio, the WLS program could in much of the North America and was soon licensed to other clear-channel stations. In 1933, National Barn Dance would be picked up by the NBC Red Network, before moving to the ABC Radio Network in 1946, and would remain a regular Saturday evening program until 1952.[92]
  • Died: Paul Boyton, 75, American swimmer, water sports promoter and ornithologist, known for creating (in 1895) the Sea Lion Park on Brooklyn's Coney Island as the first modern amusement park in the U.S., and the "Shoot-the Shoots" ride.[93]

April 20, 1924 (Sunday)

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April 21, 1924 (Monday)

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Duse on the cover of Time, nine months before her death
  • Died: Eleonora Duse, 65, Italian stage actress[104] and the first woman to be featured on the cover of Time magazine (issue of July 30, 1923)[105]

April 22, 1924 (Tuesday)

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April 23, 1924 (Wednesday)

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April 24, 1924 (Thursday)

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April 25, 1924 (Friday)

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April 26, 1924 (Saturday)

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April 27, 1924 (Sunday)

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  • Germany's government issued a proclamation warning the German people against extremists who opposed the Dawes Plan, saying that it was the only way to save the country, and its rejection might lead to a crisis that would cause another world war.[124]

April 28, 1924 (Monday)

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April 29, 1924 (Tuesday)

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April 30, 1924 (Wednesday)

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References

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  4. ^ Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2004). Hitler's Prisons: Legal Terror in Nazi Germany. Yale University Press. p. 38. ISBN 0-300-10250-X.
  5. ^ "Governor Took Oath— H. J. Stanley C.M.G. Enters Office in Northern Rhodesia". Montreal Gazette. April 2, 1924. p. 1.
  6. ^ "Royal Air Force Is Now Permanent Unit". Ottawa Citizen. April 2, 1924. p. 13.
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  8. ^ "Bury Saboteur in Berlin with Honors of King". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 3, 1924. p. 12.
  9. ^ "Foreign News: A Send-Off". Time. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
  10. ^ "Rescue Pilgrims on Burning Ship— S.S. Clan MacIver Transfers 1,200 Passengers of S.S. Frangestan and Takes Them to Port Sudan", Ottawa Citizen, April 3, 1924, p.1
  11. ^ "Early Confirmation Of Stone As Attorney-General Expected". Baltimore Sun. April 3, 1924. p. 1.
  12. ^ "Harlan F. Stone Confirmed— Senate Acts Favorably on New Attorney-General". Baltimore Sun. April 8, 1924. p. 1.
  13. ^ Wales, Henry (April 3, 1924). "Italy Builds for Commercial War Upon Romania". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 16.
  14. ^ O'Halpin, Eunan (1999). Defending Ireland: The Irish State and its Enemies since 1922. Oxford University Press. p. 75.
  15. ^ "Gwynne Kimpton - A British Woman Conductor", by Marion M. Scott, in The Maud Powell Signature, Women in Music (Autumn 2008) p.10
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  26. ^ "25 Arrested When Train Returns to Johnstown". Baltimore Sun. April 6, 1924. p. 1.
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  47. ^ "Labor Wins In Denmark; Advocates Capital Levy— Socialists to Form New Cabinet, Aided by Independent Liberals". Baltimore Sun. April 13, 1924. p. 7.
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  50. ^ "Senate Adopts Immigration Measure, 62—6". Baltimore Sun. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
  51. ^ "Arizona to Close All Roads From Calif". Imperial Valley Press (El Centro, CA). April 9, 1924. p. 1.
  52. ^ Clayton, John (April 12, 1924). "Berlin Alarmed as 4,000 Cheer Ex-Crown Prince". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
  53. ^ "Industry of Germany o.k.'s Dawes' Report". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 12, 1924. p. 1.
  54. ^ "Girl Stowaway Found On U.S. Battleship— Says She is Madeline Blair, Brooklyn, And Boarded Vessel March 12 in Hudson River". Baltimore Evening Sun. April 16, 1924. p. 1.
  55. ^ "Girl Who Long Posed As Sailor On U.S. Battleship Arrives Home". Baltimore Sun. April 29, 1924. p. 1.
  56. ^ "Gen. Dawes Visits Rome; Received by Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 13, 1924. p. 16.
  57. ^ "Exclusion Wins as Alien Bill Is Voted in House— Fixes Quotas at 2% on 1890-Census Base". Baltimore Sun. April 13, 1924. p. 1.
  58. ^ "Poincare to Decree Dissolution Today". Baltimore Sun. April 12, 1924. p. 1.
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  66. ^ "Renée Firestone". USC Shoah Foundation. 2020-09-16.
  67. ^ Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020). Red Lives. p. 110.
  68. ^ Steele, John (April 14, 1924). "Anglo-Russian Treaty Parley Convenes Today". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
  69. ^ "Wash Tubbs" in American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide, ed. by Allan Holtz (University of Michigan Press, 2012) p.405
  70. ^ Mervyn D. Kaufman, Father of Skyscrapers: A Biography of Louis Sullivan (Little, Brown and Company, 1969)
  71. ^ Matheson, Roderick (April 16, 1924). "Urges Boycott on California; State is Blamed". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
  72. ^ "Poincare Agrees To Experts' Plan Upon Reparations— Announces Acceptance In Speech At Campaign Meeting— Cites Report to Prove Case". Baltimore Sun. April 16, 1924. p. 15.
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  74. ^ "Dr. Howard J . Brown, 50, Dies; First City Health Services Chief". The New York Times. February 3, 1975.
  75. ^ "German Reply on Dawes Plan Pleases Allies— Acceptance of Report on Reparations Causes Enthusiasm in Pari". Baltimore Sun. April 17, 1924. p. 1.
  76. ^ "Roumania Settles Trade Debts with Italians". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 17, 1924. p. 11.
  77. ^ "Sony/Legacy Recordings Launch Year-Long Celebration of Henry Mancini". April 16, 2014.
  78. ^ "Marcus Loew Effects $60,000,000 Film Merger". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 18, 1924. p. 4.
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  80. ^ Henning, Arthur Sears (April 18, 1924). "Tokio Faces Cabinet Crisis". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  81. ^ "Three Persons Injured In Franklin Fire". The News Leader (Staunton VA). 19 April 1924.
  82. ^ "W.Va Town Is Swept by Fire; $600,000 Loss". The News Leader (Staunton VA). 19 April 1924.
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  85. ^ "Flies Helicopter Half Mile". Baltimore Sun. April 20, 1924. p. 2.
  86. ^ "Motorist Attempt To Break Arizona Quarantine Repulsed— Vanguard of 700 Eastern-Bound Tourists Retreat When Guards At Yuma Bring Up Fire Hose". Baltimore Sun. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
  87. ^ "Yuma Guard Repels Mob — Tourists Attempt to Break Through Blockade". Sacramento Union. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
  88. ^ "7 Firemen Die Under Wall". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
  89. ^ "10 Are Killed; Many Hurt in Chicago Fire; Nine Of Dead Are Firemen— Several of Them Hurled Into Flames". Baltimore Sun. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
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  108. ^ "Plan Based on Common Sense, Dawes Declares". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 23, 1924. p. 15.
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  112. ^ "Imperial Fair Is Opened With Medieval Pomp— King George's Message Encircles Entire Globe In 80 Seconds". Baltimore Sun. April 24, 1924. p. 1.
  113. ^ "The Problematic of Prophethood and Miracles: Muṣṭafā Ṣabrī’s Response." by Faruk Terzic, in Islamic Studies (Islamic Research Institute International, 2009) p.8 http://www.jstor.org/stable/20839152.
  114. ^ "Reported German Statesmen Among Swiss Wreck Victims— Paris and Berlin Dispatches Indicated Dr. Schacht and Dr. Helfferich May Have Lost Lives In Collision of Expresses At Bellizona". Baltimore Sun. April 24, 1924. p. 1.
  115. ^ "Helfferich's Death Blow to Junkers". Baltimore Sun. April 25, 1924. p. 1.
  116. ^ "Socialist Cabinet Governs Denmark". Montreal Gazette. April 24, 1924. p. 3.
  117. ^ "May Incorporate Town Around S.M.U.". Marshall (TX) Messenger. April 25, 1924. p. 1.
  118. ^ "Vanished Aeroplane. All Hope Abandoned of Finding Missing Fokker". Birmingham (England) Evening Despatch. April 25, 1924. p. 1.
  119. ^ "Hall, Granville Stanley". Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science.
  120. ^ Wales, Henry (April 26, 1924). "British Dislike France's Reply on Dawes Plan". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  121. ^ "Chief is Stricken Suddenly; Arises in Pain, Sends for Doctor and Expires a Few Minutes Later". The New York Times. April 26, 1924. p. 1. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  122. ^ "Elisha Jay Edwards". The New York Times. April 27, 1924. p. S6.
  123. ^ "UFA Film Nights: Die Nibelungen – Siegfried". Visit Berlin. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
  124. ^ "Dawes Plan or New War, Berlin Tells Germans". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 28, 1924. p. 1.
  125. ^ "104 Men Buried in West Virginia Mine Explosion— Blast Occurs Half Hour After Workers Enter Benwood Shaft". Baltimore Evening Sun. April 28, 1924. p. 1.
  126. ^ "On This Day in West Virginia History ..." West Virginia Archives & History. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
  127. ^ "M'Cary Found Guilty; Spends Night in Jail— Indiana Governor Convicted By U.S. Jury of Using Mails To Defraud— Still Holds Office as State Executive". Baltimore Sun. April 29, 1924. p. 1.
  128. ^ Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898–1962, ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, 1963)
  129. ^ Howarth, Alan; Hayter, Dianne (2006). Men Who Made Labour. Oxon: Routledge. p. 184. ISBN 0-203-94551-4.
  130. ^ "Gen. Julian S. Carr Is Dead— Former Commander-In-Chief Of Confederate Veterans". Baltimore Sun. April 30, 1924. p. 2.
  131. ^ "Dies As He Reads Paper Before Academy of Science— Dr. E. F. Nichols Fatally Stricken During Address in Washington". Baltimore Sun. April 30, 1924. p. 7.
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