The gens Annaea was a plebeian family at Rome during the first century BC, and the early centuries of the Empire. Members of this gens were distinguished for their love of literary pursuits. Several members of the family fell victim to the various plots and intrigues of the court of Nero, including the conspiracy of Gaius Calpurnius Piso.[1]

Origin

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Lucius Annaeus Seneca, the first of the gens of whom we have definite knowledge, was a native of Corduba in the province of Hispania Ulterior. However, his name and those of his descendants are clearly of Roman character, arguing that the family was descended from Roman colonists, and not native to Spain. Chase classifies the nomen among those originally derived from names ending in -aes, chiefly of Umbrian or Paelignian origin.[2] The Paeligni were an Oscan people of central Italy. The Umbrians spoke a separate, but closely related language. Statius Annaeus, a friend of the family at Rome, may well have been a kinsman, and his praenomen supports the theory that the Annaei were of Oscan or Umbrian origin.[3]

Praenomina

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The only praenomina associated with the Annaei are Lucius, Marcus, Gaius, and Statius. The three former were the most common Latin praenomina, while Statius was generally associated with foreigners, slaves, and freedmen at Rome. Since nothing is known of the physician Statius Annaeus' origin, it is possible that he was a freedman, and that Statius was not regularly used by the family. However, if the Annaei were of Oscan or Umbrian origin, Statius may have been a family name.[3]

Branches and cognomina

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The Annaei do not appear to have had any distinct branches, but, following a trend which occurred throughout imperial times, each child of the elder Seneca bore a different cognomen, including the surnames Novatus, Seneca, and Mela or Mella. Annaeus Mela's son received the cognomen Lucanus, in honor of his grandfather, Anicius Lucanus, a prominent lawyer at Corduba. This surname originally referred to a native of Lucania.[4] A freedman of the Annaei bore the cognomen Cornutus. The surname Florus, "shining", was used by a second-century poet, and perhaps also a historian of the same period, although whether he was actually a member of this gens is uncertain.[5]

Members

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This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
  2. ^ Chase, p. 120.
  3. ^ a b Chase, pp. 136–138.
  4. ^ Chase, pp. 113, 114.
  5. ^ Chase, pp. 109, 110.
  6. ^ SIG, 747.
  7. ^ Cicero, In Verrem, iii. 40.
  8. ^ Broughton, vol. II, p. 115.
  9. ^ Tacitus, Annales, xv. 64.
  10. ^ Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto", pp. 295 ff.

Bibliography

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  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainSmith, William, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)