Wikipedia

Andrea Orcel

Andrea Orcel (Italian: [anˈdrɛːa orˈtʃɛl];[1] born May 14, 1963) is an Italian investment banker who is CEO of UniCredit.[2] He was the president of UBS Investment Bank from November 2014 to September 2018.[2] He was poised to take on the role of Chief Executive of Banco Santander from September 2018 to January 2019; however, the job offer was withdrawn which resulted in him taking legal action against Santander.[3] In December 2021, a judge awarded him €68m in compensation, including €10m for moral damages.[3] Orcel started his own boutique investment bank before taking the role at UniCredit.[4]

Andrea Orcel
Born (1963-05-14) May 14, 1963 (age 61)
Rome, Italy
Alma materUniversity of Rome
INSEAD
OccupationInvestment banker
Years active1988–present
Spouse
Clara Batalim-Orcel
​
(m. 2009)​
Children1

Orcel is a controversial figure in European business and international banking. He has been called one of the most successful investment bankers of his generation.[5][6][7] Orcel has also been routinely criticized for his abrasive management style, overworking subordinates, and being hyper-competitive.[8][9]

Early life and education

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Andrea Orcel was born on May 14, 1963, in Rome, Italy.[10] His father ran a small leasing company and his mother worked for the United Nations.[11] Orcel attended the Lycée français Chateaubriand in Rome for secondary school, at his mother's request, so he could learn French in addition to his native Italian.[11] Orcel attended the University of Rome, Sapienza, majoring in economics and commerce.[11] While a university student, he reportedly skipped class, as attendance was optional, and went backpacking in South America before returning to take his final exams.[11] He has stated that a vacation to the United States when he was 18 convinced him to go into banking.[12] He graduated summa cum laude with an undergraduate thesis on hostile takeovers.[13] He went on to attend the INSEAD business school in Fontainebleau, France.[citation needed]

Career

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Merrill Lynch

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Orcel worked at Merrill Lynch & Co. from 1992 to 2012.

Upon his graduation, Orcel was hired by American investment bank Goldman Sachs in 1988, aged 25, to work in their fixed income business in London.[14] A year later, he left the firm to work as a consultant at Boston Consulting Group from 1989 to 1992 in their strategy consulting practice in Paris.[15] In 1992, he was asked to join Merrill Lynch & Co. in their Financial Institutions Group (FIG) in London.[16] Orcel orchestrated the $25 billion (€21.2 billion) merger of Italian banking groups, Credito Italiano and Unicredito to form banking conglomerate UniCredit in 1998.[16] UniCredito had originally planned to go public but the stock market valuation proposed by bankers at a rival investment bank made UniCredito "unhappy".[8] Orcel called the bank and offered to explore the possibility of a merger with a comparable company and brought them to Merrill Lynch a week later.[8] The merger made UniCredit the largest bank in Italy.[8] The following year, he was the advisor on the $13 billion (€11 billion) merger of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya and Argentaria to create BBVA.[16] BBVA became the second largest bank in Spain after the merger.[16] Orcel was head of the Global FIG team from 2003 to 2007, succeeding Joseph Willit.[17] In 2004, Orcel initiated Spanish bank Santander's acquisition of British bank Abbey National, expanding the bank's operations into the United Kingdom in a deal valued at $15.6 billion (£13.8 billion).[citation needed] He was tapped by the Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS) in 2007 to advise on a $55 billion (£49 billion) acquisition of ABN Amro.[18] The deal was orchestrated by Orcel after he brought in Fortis and Santander to execute a three-way consortium bid for ABN Amro.[18] At the time, the bid set a record for the largest merger or acquisition in financial services history.[19][20] For the acquisition, Merrill Lynch received $12 million (£7.5 million) in advisory fees.[18] Months later, the oncoming financial crisis surfaced, reducing the capital buffers of banks all over the world, causing major damage to RBS and forcing the UK Government to seize control of it.[18] The Institutional Investor labeled Orcel "one of the most controversial bankers of the financial crisis".[21]

In November 2008, Orcel's team at Merrill Lynch valued the Italian bank Banca Antonveneta at $10 billion (€9 billion), advising Monte dei Paschi (MPS) to acquire it from Santander for the same amount.[22] Internal valuations of the bank at Santander had Banca Antonveneta valued at $7.4 billion (€6.5 billion).[22] The deal was described as ill-advised and "flawed" as MPS overpaid $2.85 billion (€2.5 billion) for its new acquisition, leaving it with capital deficiencies.[22] In 2008, in the middle of the financial crisis, it was reported that Orcel brought in $550 million (€483 million) in advisory fees for the bank, earning him 2007 compensation of $38 million (£33 million).[23][24] His bonus sparked an investigation into executive compensation by the New York Attorney General; no charges were brought forward against Orcel or Merrill Lynch.[24]

In July 2008, Orcel advised Santander on its $1.6 billion (€1.45 billion) acquisition of Alliance & Leicester, a British bank and former building society.[12][25] On January 30, 2009, Santander hired Orcel once more to complete their acquisition of Sovereign Bank, in a deal valued at roughly $1.9 billion (€1.4 billion).[26][12] In 2009, Orcel was asked to serve as the executive chairman of the investment bank, eventually being appointed chief executive of European Card Services.[27] In February 2011, Orcel brokered the $3.3 billion (€2.9 billion) initial public offering (IPO) of a 10% stake of VTB Bank from the Russian government with his brother Riccardo.[28][24] Orcel led a team to execute a $8.5 billion (€7.5 billion) rights offering for UniCredit, at the height of the Eurozone crisis in January 2012.[29] Recalled as the "scariest [moment] of his career", he broke through Merrill Lynch's risk limits to secure the deal, drawing widespread industry attention.[29] In April 2012, Orcel was tapped by Swiss investment bank UBS CEO Sergio Ermotti to lead their sell side and UK operations.[13] Two of Merrill Lynch's largest corporate clients, UniCredit and Santander, reportedly transferred their business to UBS, following Orcel.[30]

UBS

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Orcel worked at the UBS Investment Bank from 2012 to 2018.

Following the 2011 UBS rogue trader scandal and a corporate restructuring, Orcel was invited to the group executive board and appointed the co-CEO of the investment banking unit of UBS. In November 2012, he was asked to serve as the CEO of UBS AG–the main private banking unit of UBS Group AG before taking sole control of the investment bank. Upon his acceptance of the position, UBS paid Orcel Sfr6.3 million in cash and awarded him Sfr18.5 million in stock options, for a total sign-on bonus of Sfr25 million (£17 million, $26.2 million, or €23 million).[31][32] In January 2013, following the Libor scandal, Orcel was called before the British Parliament's banking standards commission to explain the company's role in the scandal.[33] Present for nearly three hours of testimony,[relevant?] he expressed regret for the firm's role and stated to commissioner Andrew Tyrie: "we all got probably too arrogant, too self-convinced that things were correct the way they were. I think the industry needs to change."[7] Later that year he was compensated $26 million, in line with a 7% clawback of the company's bonus pool.[34] Although he was hired in a primarily managerial role, he continued to advise some of the firm's higher profile clients and institutional partners.[7] In March 2013, Orcel rejoined his brother Riccardo to negotiate an investment into VTB from a Qatari sovereign wealth fund.[35] From early 2013 to late 2014 Orcel initiated a corporate restructuring of the investment bank, to "[stop] trying to be the biggest investment bank and [focus] on being the best".[36] With a focus on return-on-investment (ROI), deleveraging, and cost reduction, Orcel increased majority capital positions while diminishing the size of the bank.[36] In May 2015, he was the highest earning executive at UBS Group AG, grossing $8 million in base salary.[8] In June 2016, Orcel offered MPS–a client of his at Merrill Lynch during the financial crisis–$5.6 billion (€5 billion) in debt and equity when it was facing liquidity issues and was reaching out to a handful of banks.[22] Orcel made this offer to counter a bailout by the Italian government but was jointly rejected by the Italian prime minister Matteo Renzi and MPS.[22] In February 2016, he orchestrated the merger of Vodafone's and Liberty Global's operations in the Netherlands to create a joint venture in a deal worth $1.1 billion (€1 billion).[13]

From 2012 to 2017. Orcel fired thousands of employees in order to boost profitability, reducing the company's wage requirements by $3 billion.[37][38] He reportedly handed lists of people to fire to managing directors, with many UBS employees learning of their firing as they came to work and "found their access cards no longer worked."[13] In May 2017, he approved a $2.8 billion (€2.6 billion) financing package to Chinese conglomerate HNA Group so they could buy a 10% stake in Deutsche Bank.[13][39] In August 2018, an Investment Bank trainee accused one of the managing directors of UBS of drugging and sexually assaulting her at a social gathering in September.[40] Orcel personally invited her to his London office to clarify that the director had been suspended and subsequently resigned.[41] Orcel appeared on Bloomberg Markets later that day explaining a revamped infrastructure and process of handling sexual misconduct at the company, noting it must be "completely eradicated".[42] In the months preceding October 2018, Orcel reportedly "lobbied intensely" to be the next CEO of UBS.[43] After giving in to Orcel, UBS put him directly in line to succeed Ermotti.[44]

Santander

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Orcel was slated to join Banco Santander as its chief executive from September 2018 to January 2019.

In September 2018, Ana Botín announced that Orcel would lead Spanish commercial bank and financial services company Banco Santander as its CEO, starting early 2019.[45] Orcel formally left UBS on September 30, 2018.[46] His appointment to the chief executive made him the first non-Spanish individual to be nominated for such a high-ranking position at the company.[12] Despite being a traditional mergers and acquisitions banker, Orcel expressed interest in staving off banking digitization instead of acquiring more banks or merging with other large banks.[46] As Orcel left UBS, his employment contract included variable remuneration valued at $21.3 million (€18.5 million).[47] Santander agreed to pay Orcel this remuneration as a part of his sign-on bonus on October 19, 2018, if UBS did not pay it.[47]

In January 2019, UBS refused to pay out his deferred stock options, enforcing a "hard-lined" departure policy.[6] This triggered his offer of employment at Santander to absorb the complete cost of those deferred stock options.[48] The total amount Santander had to pay to hire Orcel increased from $21.3 million to more than $50.7 million (€50 million). One estimate had the total cost of Orcel's contract to be as high as $60 million. Santander could only cover a third of that amount.[49]

Orcel was released from his contract and regained his UBS deferred stock options.[50] Industry reaction to the news was mixed with Euromoney stating: "If Santander wanted him, it should have paid for him";[48] The Economist noted the political backlash Santander would face for hiring Orcel after Spain's 2008–2014 financial crisis.[51] The Spanish bank offered Orcel capital to start his own investment bank after withdrawing their job offer but he declined.[52] In July 2019, Orcel launched a €100 million ($113 million) breach-of-contract lawsuit against Santander.[53] In December 2021, a court in Madrid ruled that he should be awarded €68m in compensation from Santander. This figure was adjusted in January 2022 to €51.4m of which €18.6m was to be in the form of Santander shares over seven years, plus an additional €10m for moral and reputational damage.[54][55][56]

CEO UniCredit

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On January 27, 2021, the board of UniCredit named Orcel as CEO, taking the place of Jean Pierre Mustier.[57] In April 2021, Orcel became the CEO. During his tenure, UniCredit was highlighted as one of Europe’s top-performing banks with significant upside potential according to UBS.[58] Additionally, the bank increased its revenue and capital goals as profits exceeded estimates [59][60]

In March 2022, Orcel received criticism over his pay packet of $2.7 million. In a letter signed by Andrea Vintani, the bank argued that the amount was "in line with compensation at other comparable banks" and was "between the median and third quartile" of their European peers and that any arguments made against it were "incorrect and may lead to wrong conclusions".[61] Reports from the Financial Times also highlighted the bank’s continued strong financial performance.[62] Moreover, CNBC reported that UniCredit surpassed its 2023 targets following a strong quarter.[63]

Orcel's efforts resulted in him being named Banker of the Year by Euromoney in 2024.[64]

In September 2024 Orcel's declaration that UniCredit had bought a 9% stake in the capital of the German Commerzbank made waves in the German political establishment. The move was praised by Italian MFA Antonio Tajani. The German government owns a large portion of Commerzbank because of its intercession during the global financial crisis of 2009.[65]

Management style

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Orcel's management style has widely been received as valuing hard work and presenteeism, and being performance-driven.[citation needed] Orcel has stated in interviews that his favorite book is Angela Duckworth's Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance, whose central thesis is that "the secret to success is not raw talent, but rather a blend of passion and persistence."[11] Orcel's personality and management philosophy has been criticized for not facilitating team work, isolating those who do not perform, and being high maintenance.[21][66] In response to this criticism, he has stated that he was "not easy" and "demanding" but not willing to "ask for something I'm not doing myself."[8] Additionally, he has stated that people should not "generalize what a few people with an objective say about [him]."[11] In May 2015, he also denied allegations that he asked junior bankers to skip vacations and come in on holidays.[8] Orcel was quoted as respecting a banker's choice to "cancel their holidays themselves so they can stick around to help with a deal", but doesn't demand it of them.[8] After a Bank of America intern died from working 72 hours straight in 2013, many banking executives, including Orcel, were pressured to reform their scheduling.[67][68] He rebuffed the calls for change and declined to amend the working hours of UBS junior bankers.[67] Multiple profiles of Orcel undertaken by the Financial Times describe him as 'voraciously competitive', capable of "[losing] his temper in a typical Italian way", "[shouting] at people sometimes".[8] Orcel has repeatedly stated that, due to the competitive nature of banking, one in four (25% of) mergers and acquisition (M&A) bankers do not make it past entry-level positions.[69]

"Fiat is not the same as Audi, and Audi is not the same as Porsche, and Porsche is not the same as Ferrari. They are all in the auto industry, but they are addressing different markets and, depending on the dynamic in those segments, they are likely to do better or worse. The revenues are not the key determinant in terms of performance — ROE, or profitability, in terms of what is returned to shareholders, is a more significant measure of success."

Orcel, on the modern investment banking market, February 2017[70]

Orcel frequently uses the Italian auto-manufacturer Ferrari[70] to describe his affection for "focused" and "lean" execution of strategies as opposed to bigger, less versatile banks, i.e. as opposed to a Fiat automobile.[37][71] He similarly uses European football to describe such strategies, referring to UBS as the "Croatia of investment banking" following the 2018 FIFA World Cup final.[72] In June 2016, Orcel led an initiative where UBS bankers were granted two hours of "personal time" every week in order to boost work–life balance.[73] On March 31, 2017, Orcel expressed his affection for shared parental leave and voiced his support for the growing movement in Europe to let fathers and mothers take extended time off of work to be with newly born and young children.[74] In April 2018 Orcel issued an internal memo to UBS managing directors requiring that they hold 250 to 300 client meetings a year.[75][76] This memo reportedly initiated a mass exodus of senior investment bank leadership in late 2017, as the latest in a series of "frequently changing strategies".[5]

Shortly after announcing the new directive, Orcel initiated a client meeting monitoring system that culminated in further departures.[75] Employees of the bank who missed meeting targets received e-mail rebukes from Orcel and other executives.[75] An unnamed senior executive at the investment bank stated: "[Andrea Orcel] is the best banker I've ever worked with and the worst manager I've ever seen" after the directive hit international presses.[77]

On October 15, 2018, Orcel was at the center of a Financial News London editorial investigation into his management style.[9] The editorial team interviewed a variety of UBS executives with whom he had worked with from November 2012 to September 2018.[78] The report concluded that Orcel had a "pattern of aggressive behavior towards other executives".[78]

Select accounts asserted that Orcel pursued personal vendettas against detractors, often wishing to "make examples of out [his colleagues]".[78] Unnamed UBS executives argued that the report sensationalized internal misunderstandings and communication failures.[78] UBS and Santander both issued statements that disagreed with the characterization and findings of the report.[78]

Public image and legacy

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Orcel has been called the "Ronaldo of investment banking"[79][80][7] and a "deal junkie"[81][82] by the international press and select British government officials.[21] Spanish media has called him el tiburón de las finanzas globales ("the shark of global finance").[83] In France and Italy, he is known as the requin alpha de la finance ("alpha shark of finance") and the re dei deal-maker ("king of deal makers"), respectively.[84] After moving from UBS to Santander in 2019, the New York Times estimated that Orcel was likely "Europe's most famous investment banker."[6] He has been noted by Financial Times as one of "the most successful investment bankers of his generation".[5][6] From 1988 to 2018, Orcel was widely seen as "[orchestrating] some of the world's biggest corporate transactions."[6]

After his move from UBS to Santander was cancelled by the latter in 2019, Metro wrote that "the rupture that followed the meeting turned into one of the bitterest and highest-profile employment disputes in recent European history."[85] Sophie Perryer, writing for World Finance, analysed the nuances of Orcel's cancelled move to Santander and how "Orcel’s character and personality traits have always been closely entwined with his illustrious career".[68]

Additionally, Andrea Orcel's legacy in the banking sector is underscored by his significant role in mergers and acquisitions and his leadership at UniCredit. His recognition as Euromoney’s Banker of the Year in 2024 further highlights his influence and achievements in the industry.[86] Orcel continues to be a prominent figure in global finance, focusing on driving growth and innovation both within UniCredit and beyond.

Personal life

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Orcel speaks five languages fluently.[87][88]

He is married to Clara Batalim-Orcel, a Portuguese interior designer.[89] They have one daughter. His younger brother, Riccardo, worked as an investment banker with Orcel at Merrill Lynch & Co. during the late 2000s.[24] He was appointed deputy chief executive of VTB Bank in July 2013 and has occasionally worked with Andrea on mutual deals.[35]

Career statistics

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Dealmaking

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
As of market close 8 March 2020[39][22][16]
Dealmaking by bank, fiscal year, and market value
Bank FY MKT M&A IPO / RO Total Value ($B)
Entity A Entity B Final Entity Value ($B) Acquirer Target Value ($B) Issuer Value ($B)
Merrill Lynch & Co. 1998–99 Bulge Bracket Credito Italiano UniCredito UniCredit 25[a] – – – – – 25
1999–00 Bulge Bracket Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria BBVA 11[b] – – – – – 11
2004–05 Bulge Bracket – – – – Banco Santander Abbey National 15.56 – – 15.56
2007–08 Bulge Bracket – – – – Royal Bank of Scotland ABN Amro 55[c] – – 55
Bulge Bracket – – – – Banco Santander Alliance & Leicester 1.6 – – 1.6
2008–09 Bulge Bracket – – – – Monte dei Paschi Banca Antonveneta 10 10% stake of VTB Bank 3.3 13.3
Bulge Bracket – – – – Banco Santander Sovereign Bank 1.9 – – 1.9
Total 36 Total 84.06 Total 3.3 123.39
Bank of America Merrill Lynch 2011-12 Bulge Bracket – – – – – – – Rights offering: UniCredit 8.5 8.5
Total – Total – Total 8.5 8.5
UBS 2016–17 Bulge Bracket Vodafone's Dutch operations Liberty Global's Dutch operations Joint Venture 1.1 – – – – – 1.1
2017–18 Bulge Bracket – – – – HNA Group 10% stake in Deutsche Bank 2.8 – – 2.8
Total 1.1 Total – Total – 3.9
Career total 37.1 82.16 11.8 135.76

Sign-ons

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From To Position Bonus ($M) Bonus (€M) Date References
  Merrill Lynch & Co.   Bank of America Merrill Lynch Executive Chairman of the Investment Bank $34.0[d] €29.0 2009 [12]
  Bank of America Merrill Lynch    UBS Investment Bank President $26.2[e] €23.0 2012 [31][32]
   UBS   Banco Santander Chief Executive Officer (CEO) $21.3[f] €18.5 2019 [47]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The market value of the deal established UniCredit as the largest banking institution in Italy.
  2. ^ The market value of the deal established BBVA as the second largest banking institution in Spain.
  3. ^ This was later identified as setting the record for "the largest deal in financial services history" in 2007.
  4. ^ Orcel worked at Merrill Lynch & Co. from 1992 to 2012, a firm that was acquired by Bank of America in 2009 to create Bank of America Merrill Lynch. He was appointed Executive Chairman of the Investment Bank in the transition, receiving a sign-on bonus of $34 million (€29 million).
  5. ^ Upon his acceptance of the position, UBS paid Orcel Sfr6.3 million in cash and awarded him Sfr18.5 million in stock options, for a total sign-on bonus of Sfr25 million (£17 million, US$26.2 million, or €23 million).
  6. ^ As Orcel abruptly left UBS, his employment contract included variable remuneration valued at $21.3 million (€18.5 million). Santander bought out his contract, paying Orcel this remuneration as a part of his sign-on bonus on October 19, 2018.

References

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  1. ^ Lacqua, Francine (August 1, 2018). "UBS's Andrea Orcel Says Eradicating Misconduct Is a Top Priority". Bloomberg.com (in Italian). Retrieved October 8, 2018. Pronounced by Francine Lacqua as Ann-dray-uh Or-ch-el.
  2. ^ a b "Andrea Orcel - Group Chief Executive Officer of UniCredit". UnicreditGroup.eu. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  3. ^ a b Aguado, Jesús; Pinedo, Emma (2021-12-10). "Santander ordered to pay Orcel $76 mln after losing court battle". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
  4. ^ Aguado, Jesús; Pinedo, Emma (2021-12-10). "Santander ordered to pay Orcel $76 mln after losing court battle". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  5. ^ a b c Wighton, David (October 29, 2018). "Andrea Orcel's exit raises new risks and questions for UBS". Financial News London. Retrieved October 30, 2018. One of the most successful investment bankers of his generation, Orcel continued to generate huge fees while running the show at UBS.
  6. ^ a b c d e Enrich, David; Flitter, Emily (January 15, 2019). "Expecting a Huge Payout, Investment Banker Loses His New Job Instead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d Scott, Mark (January 9, 2013). "UBS Executives Questioned by Parliament Over Rate-Rigging Case". DealBook. Retrieved September 26, 2018...the "Ronaldo of investment banking" — a reference to the Portuguese soccer star Cristiano Ronaldo...{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Noonan, Laura (September 26, 2018). "Andrea Orcel, UBS investment bank: More 'dad time', fewer assets". Financial Times. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  9. ^ a b Sahloul, Fareed (October 19, 2018). "FN Weekend: The Very Best of Financial News". Financial News London. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  10. ^ "Santander has great expectations for Andrea Orcel". Financial Times. September 26, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Crow, David (March 3, 2019). "Andrea Orcel: 'I'm not a person that lets things go'". Ft.com. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d e Abajo, Carlos Gómez (September 29, 2018). "Andrea Orcel, un mago de las fusiones en Santander". Cinco Días (in Spanish). Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  13. ^ a b c d e Crowe, Portia (September 25, 2018). "Honey, I shrunk the bank: Inside UBS's radical five-year plan". Financial News London. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  14. ^ Abajo, Carlos Gómez (September 28, 2018). "Andrea Orcel, un mago de las fusiones en Santander". Cinco Días (in Spanish). Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  15. ^ "Executive Profile: Andrea Orcel". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved October 4, 2018. He worked at the Boston Consulting Group for three years as a Senior Consultant in strategy and restructurings and at Goldman Sachs in fixed income.
  16. ^ a b c d e Partington, Richard (March 22, 2012). "Meet Andrea Orcel: The consummate dealmaker". Financial News London. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  17. ^ McGeehan, Patrick (January 28, 1997). "Merrill Lynch Posts 47% Gain, Capping Wall Street's Best Year". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  18. ^ a b c d Pratley, Nils (January 9, 2013). "Hindsight defence from architect of RBS/ABN Amro deal doesn't wash". The Guardian. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  19. ^ Treanor, Jill (May 22, 2017). "The RBS crisis: a timeline of events". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  20. ^ "RBS consortium bids record 95.64 bn dlr for ABN Amro". The Economic Times. May 29, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  21. ^ a b c Sen, Neil (April 13, 2012). ""High Maintenance" Deal Maker Andrea Orcel Joins UBS". Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  22. ^ a b c d e f Guerrera, Francesco (December 12, 2016). "Who's to blame for Monte dei Paschi?". POLITICO EU. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  23. ^ Moore, Heidi N. (November 3, 2009). "$550 Million in Fees for One Merrill Lynch Banker!". Blogs.wsj.com. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  24. ^ a b c d Watchel, Katya (February 18, 2011). "Meet The Two Brothers Who Work For Merrill And Just Knocked UBS Out Of Top Spot In The ECM League Table". Business Insider. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  25. ^ Aldrick, Philip (July 14, 2008). "Santander's takeover of Alliance & Leicester spells shake-up of high street banks". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  26. ^ "Santander to Take Over Sovereign in $1.9 Billion Deal". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg News. August 14, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  27. ^ Morris, Stephen; Jenkins, Patrick (2018-09-26). "Santander has great expectations for Andrea Orcel". Financial Times. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  28. ^ Maternovsky, Denis (February 11, 2011). "Russia Raises $3.3 Billion Selling 10% of VTB Group". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  29. ^ a b Scott-Quinn, Brian (July 7, 2012). Commercial and Investment Banking and the International Credit and Capital Markets: A Guide to the Global Finance Industry and its Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 428–430. ISBN 9780230370494.
  30. ^ Jenkins, Patrick (April 13, 2011). "Orcel brothers poach BofA staff". Financial Times. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  31. ^ a b Shorter, James (March 15, 2013). "Orcel awarded $26.2m to join UBS". Financial Times. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  32. ^ a b English, Simon (March 15, 2013). "UBS pays £17m 'golden hello' to the man who broke RBS". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2013-03-18. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  33. ^ Treanor, Jill (January 9, 2013). "Top UBS banker attacks City culture". The Guardian. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  34. ^ Werdigier, Julia (March 3, 2013). "UBS Pays Investment Bank Chief $26 Million". DealBook. Retrieved October 6, 2018. ...UBS had awarded its new investment bank chief, Andrea Orcel, 24.9 million Swiss francs, or $26 million, in deferred cash and shares...
  35. ^ a b Rothnie, David (July 5, 2013). "VTB's Orcel Leads a Global Expansion from Moscow". Institutional Investor. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  36. ^ a b Agini, Samuel (September 26, 2018). "Santander picks long-time adviser Andrea Orcel as next CEO". Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  37. ^ a b Winters, Patrick (April 3, 2018). "Top UBS Banker Has 'Very Aggressive Plan for U.S.'". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved September 7, 2018. Fiat is like the bulge-bracket banks that are active on all the business segments, and they go for volume. UBS is like Ferrari: We are much smaller and focused.
  38. ^ Plender, John (May 13, 2014). "Welcome to the new era of bank downsizing". Financial Times. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  39. ^ a b Strasburg, Jenny (May 12, 2017). "Deutsche Bank's Big Shareholder Heavily Financed Its New Stake". Wsj.com. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  40. ^ Newlands, Chris (September 3, 2018). "What went wrong at UBS: alleged rape victim shares her story". Financial Times. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  41. ^ Newlands, Chris (September 13, 2018). "UBS chief comes face to face with alleged rape victim". Financial Times. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  42. ^ Lacqua, Francine (August 1, 2018). "UBS's Andrea Orcel Says Eradicating Misconduct Is a Top Priority". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  43. ^ Clarke, Francesco Guererra, Duncan Mavin and Paul (October 1, 2018). "The ascent of Andrea Orcel: A tale of rampant ambition". Financial News London. Retrieved October 10, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ "Behind UBS' Wrangling Over Andrea Orcel". finews.com. June 11, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
  45. ^ "Andrea Orcel appointed Santander Group CEO from early 2019". Santander.com. September 26, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  46. ^ a b Clarke, Paul (September 26, 2018). "Andrea Orcel rules out big M&A at Santander". Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  47. ^ a b c Martinez, M. (October 19, 2018). "Santander compensará a Orcel por perder 20 millones de bonus en UBS". EXPANSION (in Spanish). Retrieved October 10, 2018.
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