Amycolatopsis orientalis

Amycolatopsis orientalis is a Gram-positive bacterium in the phylum Actinomycetota.[1][2] It produces several substances with antimicrobial properties, including the antibiotic drug vancomycin.[3][4]

Amycolatopsis orientalis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Pseudonocardiales
Family: Pseudonocardiaceae
Genus: Amycolatopsis
Species:
A. orientalis
Binomial name
Amycolatopsis orientalis
(Pittenger and Brigham 1956) Lechevalier et al. 1986[1]
Type strain
ATCC 19795
CIP 107113
DSM 40040
IFO 12806
ISP 5040
JCM 4235
JCM 4600
NBRC 12806
NRRL 2450
UNIQEM 181
VKM Ac-866
Synonyms
  • Nocardia orientalis (Pittenger and Brigham 1956) Pridham and Lyons 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • "Streptomyces orientalis" Pittenger and Brigham 1956

History

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A. orientalis was originally discovered by Edmund Kornfeld, an organic chemist at Eli Lilly and Company, in a soil sample gathered by a missionary from forests on the island of Borneo. The antibiotic vancomycin was first isolated from the bacteria in 1953.[4][5]

References

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  1. ^ a b Lechevalier MP, Prauser H, Labeda DP, Ruan JS. (1986). "Two new genera of nocardioform actinomycetes: Amycolata gen. nov. and Amycolatopsis gen. nov". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36: 29–37. doi:10.1099/00207713-36-1-29.
  2. ^ Grayson, M. Lindsay (2012). Kucers' the use of antibiotics a clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs (6th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 569. ISBN 9781444147520.
  3. ^ Kisil OV, Efimenko TA, Efremenkova OV (October 2021). "Looking Back to Amycolatopsis: History of the Antibiotic Discovery and Future Prospects". Antibiotics. 10 (10): 1254. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10101254. PMC 8532670. PMID 34680834. There are more than 100 compounds of Amycolatopsis origin with described antibacterial activity and/or proven antibiotic biosynthesis gene presence. The most productive species are A. orientalis (12 antibiotics), A. mediterranei (5 antibiotics), and A. sulphurea (3 antibiotics).
  4. ^ a b Samanta, Indranil; Bandyopadhyay, Samiran (2019). Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture: Perspective, Policy and Mitigation. Elsevier Science. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-12-816523-2. Retrieved October 9, 2022. Kornfield, an organic chemist at Eli Lilly, first isolated a bacterium namely Amycolatopsis orientalis (Streptomyces orientalis or Nocardia orientalis) from mud collected by a missionary from forests of Borneo island. A compound ('Mississippi mud' or compound 05,865) was extracted from the isolated bacteria and it was approved by FDA as vancomycin drug after clinical trials.
  5. ^ Wang, J.; Sintim, H.O. (2014). "Antibiotics That Disrupt Cell Wall and Bacterial Membrane Formation and Integrity". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. p. 7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00016-7. ISBN 9780128012383. Vancomycin ... was first isolated in 1953 from a soil sample containing a bacterial species named Amycolatopsis orientalis.